Use of random forest methodology to link aroma profiles to volatile compounds: Application to enzymatic hydrolysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by-products combined with Maillard reactions

• Published in: Food Research International
• Main Authors: Cardinal, Mireille, Chaussy, Marianne, Donnay-Moreno, Claire, Cornet, Josiane, Rannou, Cécile, Fillonneau, Catherine, Prost, Carole, Baron, Régis, Courcoux, Philippe
• Other Authors: Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Matrices Aliments Procédés Propriétés Structure - Sensoriel (GEPEA-MAPS2), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom Paris (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Paris (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Statistique, Sensométrie et Chimiométrie (StatSC), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: Sensory characteristics; Volatile compounds; HS-SPME/GC–MS; Regression tree; Random forest; Hydrolysate; Maillard reactions; [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition; [CHIM]Chemical Sciences; [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry; Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-02572999; https://hal.science/hal-02572999/document; https://hal.science/hal-02572999/file/S0963996920302799.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109254

International audience To use salmon protein hydrolysates as food ingredients and to mask the fish odor, Maillard reactions were associated with enzymatic production of hydrolysates. The study explored an original approach based on regression trees (RT) and random forest (RF) methodologies to predict hydrolysate odor profiles from volatile compounds. An experimental design with four factors: enzyme/substrate ratio, quantity of xylose, hydrolysis and cooking times was used to create a range of enzymatic hydrolysates. Twenty samples were submitted to a trained panel for sensory descriptions of odor. Hydrolysate volatile compounds were extracted by means of Headspace Solid Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that RT and RF methodologies can be useful tools for predicting an entire sensory profile from volatile compounds. Four main volatile compounds made it possible to separate hydrolysates into five groups according to their specific sensory profile. 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone and 3-hydroxy-2-pentanone were identified as the main predictors of the roasted odor, whereas methanethiol was associated with a mud odor. These results also suggest the appropriate process conditions for obtaining a typical roasted odor.