STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2010

• Main Authors: Christine Achberger, Steven A Ackerman, A Ahlstrom, Eric J Alfaro, Robert J Allan, Robert J Alves, Jorge A Amador, Vincent Amelie, Solonomenjanahary Andrianjafinirina, John Antonov, Derek S Arndt, Igor Ashik, Zachary Atheru, Samar M Attaher, Julian Baez, Viva Banzon, Molly O Baringer, Sandra Barreira, David Barriopedro, Pawan K Barthia, Lisa M Beal, Andreas Becker, Michael J Behrenfeld, Gerald D Bell, Alan S Belward, Angela Benedetti, Paul Berrisford, David I Berry, Agnieszka Beszczynska-Moeller, Uma S Bhatt, Mario Bidegain, Nathaniel L Bindoff, Peter Bissolli, Eric S Blake, Jessica Blunden, Prithiviraj Booneeady, Michael G Bosilovich, Dagne R Boudet, Jason E Box, Timothy P Boyer, David H Bromwich, Ross Brown, Harry L Bryden, Olga N Bulygina, John Burrows, J Butler, Philippe Cais, Blanca Calderon, TV Callaghan, Suzana J Camargo, John Cappelen, Eddy Carmack, Don P Chambers, Muthuvel Chelliah, Maria P Chidichimo, H Christiansen, John Christy, Caio AS Coehlo, Steve Colwell, Josefino C Comiso, Gilber P Compo, Jake Crouch, Stuart A Cunningham, Virgen C Cutie, Aiguo Dai, Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya, Richard de Jeu, David Decker, Dick Dee, M Demircan, Chris Derksen, Howard J Diamond, Howard Dlugokencky, Kathleen Dohan, A Johannes Dolman, Wouter Dorigo, Dmitry S Drozdov, Paul J Durack, Geoffrey S Dutton, David Easterling, Ayataka Ebita, Jon Eischeid, James W Elkins, Howard E Epstein, Christian Euscategui, Eleanor Faijka-Williams, James S Famiglietti, Rija Faniriantsoa, Richard A Feely, Balazs M Fekete, Chris Fenimore, Xavier Fettweis, Eric Field, Vitali E Fioletov, Vitali E Fogarty, Ryan L Fogt, BC Forbes, Michael J Foster, E Frajka-Williams, Melissa Free, Ivan Frolov, AL Ganesan, Catherine Ganter, Ethan J Gibney, Stephen Gill, M Gill, Wilson Gitau, Karin L Gleason, Nadine Gobron, Stanley B Goldenberg, Gustavo J Goni, Idelmis G Gonzalez, Simon A Good, Jonathan Gottschalck, William A Gould, Celia M Gouveia, Georgina M Griffiths, Chip Guard, Vladimir V Guevara, C Haas, Bradley D Hall, Michael S Halpert, Andrew K Heidinger, A Heil, Richard R Heim, Paula A Hennon, Greg HR Henry, Hugo G Hidalgo, Kyle Hilburn, Joel JM Hirschi, Shu-peng Ho, Jay S Hobgood, Martin Hoerling, Simon Holgate, Simon J Hook, Sebastien Hugony, D Hurst, Hiroshi Ishihara, M Itoh, Ena Jaimes, Martin Jeffries, Gensu J Jia, Xiangze Jin, William E John, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C Johnson, Philip D Jones, Guillaume Jumaux, Khadija Kabidi, Johannes W Kaiser, Torsten O Kanzow, Alexey Kaplan, Edward J Kearns, Linda M Keller, John J Kennedy, Samar Khatiwala, Alexander Kholodov, Mahbobeh Khoshkam, T Kikuchi, Todd B Kimberlain, John A Knaff, Shinya Kobayashi, Steve V Kokelj, Natalia N Korshunova, David P Kratz, Richard Krishfield, Andries Kruger, Michael C Kruk, Arun Kumar, Richard B Lammers, Mark A Lander, Chris W Landsea, Hugues Lantuit, Trevor C Lantz, Braulio P Lapinel, Zubair Lareef, Matthew A Lazzara, Antonia L Leon, Gloria Leon, Eric Lauliette, Sydney Levitus, Joel M Levy, Michelle L'Heureux, II Lin, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Liu, Norman G Loeb, Craig S Long, Andrew M Lorrey, Rick Lumpkin, Jing-Jia Luo, John M Lyman, Alison M Macdonald, Brent C Maddux, Frank Maier, Galina Malkova, Sergey Marchenko, Jose A Marengo, Stephane Maritorena, Jochem Marotzke, Rodney Martinez Guingla, Jochem Maslanik, Robert A Masson, Charlotte McBride, Simon McGree, Fiona McLaughlin, Rich McPeters, Tim R McVicar, Carl A Mears, Mahmoud A Medany, Walt Meier, Christopher S Meinen, Mark A Merrifield, Laury Miller, Gary T Mitchum, Steve Montzka, Jean-Jacques Morcrette, Thomas Mote, Jens Muhle, A Brett Mullan, Don Murray, Eric R Nash, Steven R Nerem, Paul A Newman, S Nishino, Leonard Njau, J Noetzli, SF Oberbauer, Naum Oberman, Andre Obregon, Laban Ogallo, Christopher Oludhe, Robert T O'Malley, James Overland, Geun-Ha Park, David E Parker, Richard J Pasch, Phil Pegion, Alexandre Peltier, Mauri S Pelto, Olga C Penalba, Ramon S Perez, Judith Perlwitz, Donald Perovich, Thomas C Peterson, Alexandre B Pezza, David Phillips, Jorge E Pinzon, Michael C Pitts, A Proshutinsky, S Quegan, Juan Quintana, Alexander Quintero, B Rabe, Fatemeh Rahimzadeh, Madhavan Rajeevan, Darren Rayner, Nick A Rayner, Martha K Raynolds, Vyacheslav N Razuvaev, James R Reagan, Phillip Reid, James A Renwick, Jayashree Revadekar, Richard W Reynolds, Jacqueline Richter-Menge, Eric Rignot, David A Robinson, Matthew Rodell, Mark Rogers, Vladimir Romanovsky, Fernando Romero-Cruz, Josyane Ronchail, Karen Rosenlof, Shawn Rossi, Glenn Rutledge, Sassan Saatchi, Christopher L Sabine, Suranjana Saha, Ahira Sanchez-Lugo, Michelle L Santee, Hitoshi Sato, P Sawaengphokhai, Amal Sayouri, Ted A Scambos, U Schauer, Jae Schemm, Claudia Schmid, Philipp Schneider, Dominique Schueller, Serhat Sensoy, Martin Sharp, Gus R Shaver, Alexander Shiklomanov, N Shiklomanov, Koji Shimada, David A Siegel, Adrian Simmons, Maria Skansi, Adam Smith, Cathy Smith, S Smith, Thomas M Smith, Vladimir Sokolov, Jacqueline M Spence, Arvind Kumar Srivastava, Paul W Stackhouse, Sharon Stammerjohn, Mike Steele, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Tannecia S Stephenson, Richard S Stolarski, Lloyd Tahani, Taro Takahashi, Michael A Taylor, Jean-Noel Thepaut, Wassila M Thiaw, Peter W Thorne, ML Timmermans, Skie Tobin, John Toole, Blair C Trewin, Ricardo M Trigo, Compton J Tucker, Craig E Tweedie, D van As, RSW van de Wal, Ronald J van der A, GR van der Werf, Robert Vautard, G Vieira, Lucie A Vincent, Lucie A Vinther, B Vinther, Russell Vose, Wolfgang Wagner, John Wahr, David A Walker, John Walsh, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, Muyin Wang, Sheng-Hung Wang, Rik Wanninkhof, Scott Weaver, Patrick J Webber, Mark Weber, Robert A Weller, James Weyman, Robert Whitewood, Susan E Wijffels, Anne C Wilber, Katharine M Willett, W Williams, Joshua K Willis, Gabriel Wolken, Takmeng Wong, Rebecca Woodgate, Philip Woodworth, Alex J Wovrosh, Yan Xue, M Yamamoto-Kawai, Xungang Yin, Lisan Yu, Liangying Zhang, Peiqun Zhang, L Zhao, Xinjia Zhou, S Zimmermann
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Atmospheric sciences; Climate change science; Oceanography; Physical geography and environmental geoscience; Physical sciences; Science & Technology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ICE MASS-LOSS; FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT; UPPER-AIR TEMPERATURES; PINE ISLAND GLACIER; Antarc*; Antarctic; Climate change; North Atlantic; Pine Island Glacier
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10779/DRO/DU:26787163.v1; https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/STATE_OF_THE_CLIMATE_IN_2010/26787163

Several large-scale climate patterns influenced climate conditions and weather patterns across the globe during 2010. The transition from a warm El Niño phase at the beginning of the year to a cool La Niña phase by July contributed to many notable events, ranging from record wetness across much of Australia to historically low Eastern Pacific basin and near-record high North Atlantic basin hurricane activity. The remaining five main hurricane basins experienced below- to well-below-normal tropical cyclone activity. The negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was a major driver of Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns during 2009/10 winter and again in late 2010. It contributed to record snowfall and unusually low temperatures over much of northern Eurasia and parts of the United States, while bringing above-normal temperatures to the high northern latitudes. The February Arctic Oscillation Index value was the most negative since records began in 1950. The 2010 average global land and ocean surface temperature was among the two warmest years on record. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate of lower latitudes. The eastern and tropical Pacific Ocean cooled about 1°C from 2009 to 2010, reflecting the transition from the 2009/10 El Niño to the 2010/11 La Niña. Ocean heat fluxes contributed to warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for the past several years have reached values consistently higher than for all prior times in the record, demonstrating the dominant role of the ocean in the Earth's energy budget. Deep and abyssal waters of Antarctic origin have also trended warmer on average since the early 1990s. Lower tropospheric temperatures typically lag ENSO surface fluctuations by two to four months, thus the 2010 temperature was dominated by the warm phase El Niño conditions that occurred during the latter half of 2009 and early 2010 and was second warmest on record. The ...