Adam Smith

Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish|name=note|group=}} economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as "The Father of Economics" or "The Father of Capitalism", he wrote two classic works, ''The Theory of Moral Sentiments'' (1759) and ''An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations'' (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as ''The Wealth of Nations'', is considered his ''magnum opus'' and the first modern work that treats economics as a comprehensive system and as an academic discipline. Smith refuses to explain the distribution of wealth and power in terms of God's will and instead appeals to natural, political, social, economic, legal, environmental and technological factors and the interactions among them. Among other economic theories, the work introduced Smith's idea of absolute advantage.

Smith studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was one of the first students to benefit from scholarships set up by fellow Scot John Snell. After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at the University of Edinburgh, leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow, teaching moral philosophy and during this time, wrote and published ''The Theory of Moral Sentiments''. In his later life, he took a tutoring position that allowed him to travel throughout Europe, where he met other intellectual leaders of his day.

As a reaction to the common policy of protecting national markets and merchants through minimizing imports and maximizing exports, what came to be known as mercantilism, Smith laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory. ''The Wealth of Nations'' was a precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics. In this and other works, he developed the concept of division of labour and expounded upon how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial in his own day and his general approach and writing style were often satirised by writers such as Horace Walpole. Provided by Wikipedia

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    by Christine Achberger, Steven A Ackerman, A Ahlstrom, Eric J Alfaro, Robert J Allan, Robert J Alves, Jorge A Amador, Vincent Amelie, Solonomenjanahary Andrianjafinirina, John Antonov, Derek S Arndt, Igor Ashik, Zachary Atheru, Samar M Attaher, Julian Baez, Viva Banzon, Molly O Baringer, Sandra Barreira, David Barriopedro, Pawan K Barthia, Lisa M Beal, Andreas Becker, Michael J Behrenfeld, Gerald D Bell, Alan S Belward, Angela Benedetti, Paul Berrisford, David I Berry, Agnieszka Beszczynska-Moeller, Uma S Bhatt, Mario Bidegain, Nathaniel L Bindoff, Peter Bissolli, Eric S Blake, Jessica Blunden, Prithiviraj Booneeady, Michael G Bosilovich, Dagne R Boudet, Jason E Box, Timothy P Boyer, David H Bromwich, Ross Brown, Harry L Bryden, Olga N Bulygina, John Burrows, J Butler, Philippe Cais, Blanca Calderon, TV Callaghan, Suzana J Camargo, John Cappelen, Eddy Carmack, Don P Chambers, Muthuvel Chelliah, Maria P Chidichimo, H Christiansen, John Christy, Caio AS Coehlo, Steve Colwell, Josefino C Comiso, Gilber P Compo, Jake Crouch, Stuart A Cunningham, Virgen C Cutie, Aiguo Dai, Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya, Richard de Jeu, David Decker, Dick Dee, M Demircan, Chris Derksen, Howard J Diamond, Howard Dlugokencky, Kathleen Dohan, A Johannes Dolman, Wouter Dorigo, Dmitry S Drozdov, Paul J Durack, Geoffrey S Dutton, David Easterling, Ayataka Ebita, Jon Eischeid, James W Elkins, Howard E Epstein, Christian Euscategui, Eleanor Faijka-Williams, James S Famiglietti, Rija Faniriantsoa, Richard A Feely, Balazs M Fekete, Chris Fenimore, Xavier Fettweis, Eric Field, Vitali E Fioletov, Vitali E Fogarty, Ryan L Fogt, BC Forbes, Michael J Foster, E Frajka-Williams, Melissa Free, Ivan Frolov, AL Ganesan, Catherine Ganter, Ethan J Gibney, Stephen Gill, M Gill, Wilson Gitau, Karin L Gleason, Nadine Gobron, Stanley B Goldenberg, Gustavo J Goni, Idelmis G Gonzalez, Simon A Good, Jonathan Gottschalck, William A Gould, Celia M Gouveia, Georgina M Griffiths, Chip Guard, Vladimir V Guevara, C Haas, Bradley D Hall, Michael S Halpert, Andrew K Heidinger, A Heil, Richard R Heim, Paula A Hennon, Greg HR Henry, Hugo G Hidalgo, Kyle Hilburn, Joel JM Hirschi, Shu-peng Ho, Jay S Hobgood, Martin Hoerling, Simon Holgate, Simon J Hook, Sebastien Hugony, D Hurst, Hiroshi Ishihara, M Itoh, Ena Jaimes, Martin Jeffries, Gensu J Jia, Xiangze Jin, William E John, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C Johnson, Philip D Jones, Guillaume Jumaux, Khadija Kabidi, Johannes W Kaiser, Torsten O Kanzow, Alexey Kaplan, Edward J Kearns, Linda M Keller, John J Kennedy, Samar Khatiwala, Alexander Kholodov, Mahbobeh Khoshkam, T Kikuchi, Todd B Kimberlain, John A Knaff, Shinya Kobayashi, Steve V Kokelj, Natalia N Korshunova, David P Kratz, Richard Krishfield, Andries Kruger, Michael C Kruk, Arun Kumar, Richard B Lammers, Mark A Lander, Chris W Landsea, Hugues Lantuit, Trevor C Lantz, Braulio P Lapinel, Zubair Lareef, Matthew A Lazzara, Antonia L Leon, Gloria Leon, Eric Lauliette, Sydney Levitus, Joel M Levy, Michelle L'Heureux, II Lin, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Liu, Norman G Loeb, Craig S Long, Andrew M Lorrey, Rick Lumpkin, Jing-Jia Luo, John M Lyman, Alison M Macdonald, Brent C Maddux, Frank Maier, Galina Malkova, Sergey Marchenko, Jose A Marengo, Stephane Maritorena, Jochem Marotzke, Rodney Martinez Guingla, Jochem Maslanik, Robert A Masson, Charlotte McBride, Simon McGree, Fiona McLaughlin, Rich McPeters, Tim R McVicar, Carl A Mears, Mahmoud A Medany, Walt Meier, Christopher S Meinen, Mark A Merrifield, Laury Miller, Gary T Mitchum, Steve Montzka, Jean-Jacques Morcrette, Thomas Mote, Jens Muhle, A Brett Mullan, Don Murray, Eric R Nash, Steven R Nerem, Paul A Newman, S Nishino, Leonard Njau, J Noetzli, SF Oberbauer, Naum Oberman, Andre Obregon, Laban Ogallo, Christopher Oludhe, Robert T O'Malley, James Overland, Geun-Ha Park, David E Parker, Richard J Pasch, Phil Pegion, Alexandre Peltier, Mauri S Pelto, Olga C Penalba, Ramon S Perez, Judith Perlwitz, Donald Perovich, Thomas C Peterson, Alexandre B Pezza, David Phillips, Jorge E Pinzon, Michael C Pitts, A Proshutinsky, S Quegan, Juan Quintana, Alexander Quintero, B Rabe, Fatemeh Rahimzadeh, Madhavan Rajeevan, Darren Rayner, Nick A Rayner, Martha K Raynolds, Vyacheslav N Razuvaev, James R Reagan, Phillip Reid, James A Renwick, Jayashree Revadekar, Richard W Reynolds, Jacqueline Richter-Menge, Eric Rignot, David A Robinson, Matthew Rodell, Mark Rogers, Vladimir Romanovsky, Fernando Romero-Cruz, Josyane Ronchail, Karen Rosenlof, Shawn Rossi, Glenn Rutledge, Sassan Saatchi, Christopher L Sabine, Suranjana Saha, Ahira Sanchez-Lugo, Michelle L Santee, Hitoshi Sato, P Sawaengphokhai, Amal Sayouri, Ted A Scambos, U Schauer, Jae Schemm, Claudia Schmid, Philipp Schneider, Dominique Schueller, Serhat Sensoy, Martin Sharp, Gus R Shaver, Alexander Shiklomanov, N Shiklomanov, Koji Shimada, David A Siegel, Adrian Simmons, Maria Skansi, Adam Smith, Cathy Smith, S Smith, Thomas M Smith, Vladimir Sokolov, Jacqueline M Spence, Arvind Kumar Srivastava, Paul W Stackhouse, Sharon Stammerjohn, Mike Steele, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Tannecia S Stephenson, Richard S Stolarski, Lloyd Tahani, Taro Takahashi, Michael A Taylor, Jean-Noel Thepaut, Wassila M Thiaw, Peter W Thorne, ML Timmermans, Skie Tobin, John Toole, Blair C Trewin, Ricardo M Trigo, Compton J Tucker, Craig E Tweedie, D van As, RSW van de Wal, Ronald J van der A, GR van der Werf, Robert Vautard, G Vieira, Lucie A Vincent, Lucie A Vinther, B Vinther, Russell Vose, Wolfgang Wagner, John Wahr, David A Walker, John Walsh, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, Muyin Wang, Sheng-Hung Wang, Rik Wanninkhof, Scott Weaver, Patrick J Webber, Mark Weber, Robert A Weller, James Weyman, Robert Whitewood, Susan E Wijffels, Anne C Wilber, Katharine M Willett, W Williams, Joshua K Willis, Gabriel Wolken, Takmeng Wong, Rebecca Woodgate, Philip Woodworth, Alex J Wovrosh, Yan Xue, M Yamamoto-Kawai, Xungang Yin, Lisan Yu, Liangying Zhang, Peiqun Zhang, L Zhao, Xinjia Zhou, S 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    Published 2011
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    Contributors: “...Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Leadership Fellowship...”
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