Haakon IV
Haakon IV Haakonsson ( – 16 December 1263; ; ), sometimes called Haakon the Old in contrast to his namesake son, was King of Norway from 1217 to 1263. His reign lasted for 46 years, longer than any Norwegian king since Harald Fairhair. Haakon was born into the troubled civil war era in Norway, but his reign eventually managed to put an end to the internal conflicts. At the start of his reign, during his minority, Earl Skule Bårdsson served as regent. As a king of the Birkebeiner faction, Haakon defeated the uprising of the final Bagler royal pretender, Sigurd Ribbung, in 1227. He put a definitive end to the civil war era when he had Skule Bårdsson killed in 1240, a year after he had himself proclaimed king in opposition to Haakon. Haakon thereafter formally appointed his own son as his co-regent.Under Haakon's rule, medieval Norway is considered to have reached its zenith or golden age. His reputation and formidable naval fleet allowed him to maintain friendships with both the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, despite their conflict. He was at different points offered the imperial crown by the pope, the High Kingship of Ireland by a delegation of Irish kings, and the command of the French crusader fleet by the French king. He amplified the influence of European culture in Norway by importing and translating contemporary European literature into Old Norse, and by constructing monumental European-style stone buildings. In conjunction with this he employed an active and aggressive foreign policy, and at the end of his rule added Iceland and the Norse Greenland community to his kingdom, leaving the Norwegian realm at its territorial height. Although he for the moment managed to secure Norwegian control of the islands off the northern and western shores of Scotland, plus the Isle of Man, he fell ill and died when wintering in Orkney following some military engagements with the expanding Kingdom of Scotland. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Palsdottir, Astridur, Snorradóttir, Ásbjörg Ósk, Hakonarson, HakonGet access
Published in Læknablaðið (2022)
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2by Gislason, Thorarinn, Jonsson, Stefan, Pack, Allan I., Benediktsdottir, Bryndis, Halapi, Eva, Hakonarson, HakonGet access
Published in Sleep Medicine (2006)
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3by Arnar, David O, Thorvaldsson, Sverrir, Manolio, Teri A, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Kristjansson, Kristleifur, Hakonarson, Hakon, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in European Heart Journal (2006)
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6by Arnar, David O., Thorvaldsson, Sverrir, Manolio, Teri A., Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Kristjansson, Kristleifur, Hakonarson, Hakon, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in European Heart Journal (2006)
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7by Laufs, Jürgen, Andrason, Hjalti, Sigvaldason, Andres, Halapi, Eva, Thorsteinsson, Leifur, Jónasson, Kristján, Söebech, Emilía, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gulcher, Jeffrey R, Stefansson, Kari, Hakonarson, HakonGet access
Published 2007
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8by Birkisson, Illugi F, Halapi, Eva, Bjornsdottir, Unnur S, Shkolny, Dana L, Adalsteinsdottir, Elva, Arnason, Thor, Gislason, David, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gulcher, Jeffrey, Stefansson, Kari, Hakonarson, HakonGet access
Published in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)
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9by Gislason, Thorarinn, Johannsson, Johann Heidar, Haraldsson, Asgeir, Olafsdottir, Berglind Ran, Jonsdottir, Helga, Kong, Augustine, Frigge, Michael L, Jonsdottir, Guthrun M, Hakonarson, Hakon, Gulcher, Jeffrey, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)
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10by Laufs, J??rgen, Andrason, Hjalti, Sigvaldason, Andres, Halapi, Eva, Thorsteinsson, Leifur, J??nasson, Kristj??n, S??ebech, Emil??a, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gulcher, Jeffrey R, Stefansson, Kari, Hakonarson, HakonGet access
Published in American Journal of PharmacoGenomics (2004)
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11by Smith, Sally, Bjerregaard, Peter, Chan, Hing Man, Corriveau, André, Ebbesson, Sven, Etzel, Ruth, Fabsitz, Richard, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hild, Carl, Nobmann, Elizabeth, Reading, Jeff, Tereshchenko, Larissa, Young, Kue, Howard, BarbaraGet access
Published in International Journal of Circumpolar Health (2006)
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12by Smith, Sally, Bjerregaard, Peter, Chan, Hing Man, Corriveau, André, Ebbesson, Sven, Etzel, Ruth, Fabsitz, Richard, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hild, Carl, Nobmann, Elizabeth, Reading, Jeff, Tereshchenko, Larisa, Young, T. Kue, Howard, BarbaraGet access
Published in International Journal of Circumpolar Health (2006)
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13by Hakonarson, Hakon, Bjornsdottir, Unnur S, Halapi, Eva, Palsson, Snaebjorn, Adalsteinsdottir, Elva, Gislason, David, Finnbogason, Gudmundur, Gislason, Thorarinn, Kristjansson, Kristleifur, Arnason, Thor, Birkisson, Illugi, Frigge, Michael L, Kong, Augustine, Gulcher, Jeffrey R, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in The American Journal of Human Genetics (2008)
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14by Hakonarson, Hakon, Bjornsdottir, Unnur S., Halapi, Eva, Palsson, Snaebjorn, Adalsteinsdottir, Elva, Gislason, David, Finnbogason, Gudmundur, Gislason, Thorarinn, Kristjansson, Kristleifur, Arnason, Thor, Birkisson, Illugi, Frigge, Michael L., Kong, Augustine, Gulcher, Jeffrey R., Stefansson, KariGet access
Published 2002
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15by Smith, H Sally, Bjerregaard, Peter, Chan, Hing Man, Corriveau, André, Ebbesson, Sven O E, Etzel, Ruth A, Fabsitz, Richard R, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hild, Carl, Nobmann, Elizabeth D, Reading, Jeff, Tereshchenko, Larissa, Young, T Kue, Howard, Barbara VGet access
Published 2006
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16by Hakonarson, Hakon, Bjornsdottir, Unnur S, Halapi, Eva, Bradfield, Jonathan, Zink, Florian, Mouy, Magali, Helgadottir, Hildur, Gudmundsdottir, Asta S, Andrason, Hjalti, Adalsteinsdottir, Asdis E, Kristjansson, Kristleifur, Birkisson, Illugi, Arnason, Thor, Andresdottir, Margret, Gislason, David, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gulcher, Jeffrey R, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2009)
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17by Hakonarson, Hakon, Thorvaldsson, Sverrir, Helgadottir, Anna, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, Zink, Florian, Andresdottir, Margret, Manolescu, Andrei, Arnar, David O, Andersen, Karl, Sigurdsson, Axel, Thorgeirsson, Gestur, Jonsson, Asgeir, Agnarsson, Uggi, Bjornsdottir, Halldora, Gottskalksson, Gizur, Einarsson, Atli, Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna, Adalsteinsdottir, Asdis E, Gudmundsson, Kolbeinn, Kristjansson, Kristleifur, Hardarson, Thordur, Kristinsson, Arni, Topol, Eric J, Gulcher, Jeffrey, Kong, Augustine, Gurney, Mark, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in JAMA (2009)
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18by Helgadottir, Anna, Manolescu, Andrei, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Jonsdottir, Helga, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Samani, Nilesh J, Gudmundsson, Gudmundur, Grant, Struan F A, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Sveinbjornsdottir, Sigurlaug, Valdimarsson, Einar M, Matthiasson, Stefan E, Johannsson, Halldor, Gudmundsdottir, Olof, Gurney, Mark E, Sainz, Jesus, Thorhallsdottir, Margret, Andresdottir, Margret, Frigge, Michael L, Topol, Eric J, Kong, Augustine, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hakonarson, Hakon, Gulcher, Jeffrey R, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in Nature Genetics (2009)
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19by Helgadottir, Anna, Manolescu, Andrei, Helgason, Agnar, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Gretarsdottir, Solveig, Magnusson, Kristinn P, Gudmundsson, Gudmundur, Hicks, Andrew, Jonsson, Thorlakur, Grant, Struan F A, Sainz, Jesus, O'Brien, Stephen J, Sveinbjornsdottir, Sigurlaug, Valdimarsson, Einar M, Matthiasson, Stefan E, Levey, Allan I, Abramson, Jerome L, Reilly, Murdach P, Vaccarino, Viola, Wolfe, Megan L, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Quyyumi, Arshed A, Topol, Eric J, Rader, Daniel J, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Gulcher, Jeffrey R, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kong, Augustine, Stefansson, KariGet access
Published in Nature Genetics (2007)
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