Provinces of Korea

Korea has had administrative districts that can be considered provinces since the 7th century. These divisions were initially called ''ju'' () in Unified Silla and Later Baekje, and there were nine in total. After Goryeo conquered these states in the 10th century, twelve divisions called ''mok'' () were established, although they were reorganized into ten ''do'' () in the 11th century.

After Joseon's conquest of Goryeo, it reorganized the peninsula into eight ''do'' in 1413. The provincial boundaries closely reflected major regional and dialect boundaries, and are still often referred to in Korean today simply as the Eight Provinces. In 1895, as part of the Gabo Reform, the country was redivided into 23 districts (''Bu;'' 부; ), which were replaced a year later by thirteen new provinces. The thirteen provinces of 1896 included three of the original eight provinces, with the five remaining original provinces divided into north and south halves (''Bukdo'' (북도; ) and ''Namdo'' (남도; ) respectively). The thirteen provinces remained unchanged throughout the Japanese colonial period.

With the liberation of Korea in 1945, the Korean peninsula was divided into North Korea and South Korea, with the dividing line established along the 38th parallel. As a result, three provinces—Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon (Kangwŏn)—were divided into North Korea and South Korea in today's era. The special cities of Seoul (South Korea) and P'yŏngyang (North Korea) were formed in 1946. Between 1946 and 1954, five new provinces were created: Jeju in South Korea, and North and South Hwanghae, Chagang, and Ryanggang in North Korea. Since 1954, provincial boundaries in both the North and South have remained unchanged but new cities and special administrative regions have been created. Provided by Wikipedia

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    by So-Jeong Kim (Geologic Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources), Jong-Geol Kim (Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University), Sang-Hoon Lee (Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute), Soo-Je Park (Department of Biology, Jeju National University), Joo-Han Gwak (Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University), Man-Young Jung (Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna), Won-Hyung Chung (Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute), Eun-Jin Yang (Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute), Jisoo Park (Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute), Jinyoung Jung (Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute), Yoonsoo Hahn (Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University), Jang-Cheon Cho (Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University), Eugene L. Madsen (Department of Microbiology, Cornell University), Francisco Rodriguez-Valera (Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández), Jung-Ho Hyun (Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA Campus), Sung-Keun Rhee (Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University)
    Published in Microbiome (2019)
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    by Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Bjornsdottir, Unnur S, Halapi, Eva, Helgadottir, Anna, Sulem, Patrick, Jonsdottir, Gudrun M, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Helgadottir, Hafdis, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stefansson, Hreinn, Williams, Carolyn, Hui, Jennie, Beilby, John, Warrington, Nicole M, James, Alan, Palmer, Lyle J, Koppelman, Gerard H, Heinzmann, Andrea, Krueger, Marcus, Boezen, H Marike, Wheatley, Amanda, Altmuller, Janine, Shin, Hyoung Doo, Uh, Soo-Taek, Cheong, Hyun Sub, Jonsdottir, Brynja, Gislason, David, Park, Choon-Sik, Rasmussen, Linda M, Porsbjerg, Celeste, Hansen, Jakob W, Backer, Vibeke, Werge, Thomas, Janson, Christer, Jönsson, Ulla-Britt, Ng, Maggie C Y, Chan, Juliana, So, Wing Yee, Ma, Ronald, Shah, Svati H, Granger, Christopher B, Quyyumi, Arshed A, Levey, Allan I, Vaccarino, Viola, Reilly, Muredach P, Rader, Daniel J, Williams, Michael J A, van Rij, Andre M, Jones, Gregory T, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Malerba, Giovanni, Pignatti, Pier Franco, Boner, Attilio, Pescollderungg, Lydia, Girelli, Domenico, Olivieri, Oliviero, Martinelli, Nicola, Ludviksson, Bjorn R, Ludviksdottir, Dora, Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur I, Arnar, David, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Deichmann, Klaus, Thompson, Philip J, Wjst, Matthias, Hall, Ian P, Postma, Dirkje S, Gislason, Thorarinn, Gulcher, Jeffrey, Kong, Augustine, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stefansson, Kari
    Published in Nature Genetics (2009)
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