Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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341Rapid shift and millennial-scale variations in Holocene North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilationby Lembke-Jene, Lester, Tiedemann, Ralf, Nürnberg, Dirk, Gong, Xun, Lohmann, GerritGet access
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2018)
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342Rapid shift and millennial-scale variations in Holocene North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilationby Lembke-Jene, Lester, Tiedemann, Ralf, Nürnberg, Dirk, Gong, Xun, Lohmann, GerritGet access
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2018)
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343by Zhao, Kai, Chen, Gong, Liu, Yichen, Møller, Anders Pape, Zhang, YanyunGet access
Published in Global Ecology and Conservation (2022)
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344by Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zhan, Hu, Wang, Lifan, Fan, Zuhui, Zhang, XinminGet access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2011)
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345by H. Liu, P. Gong, J. Wang, N. Clinton, Y. Bai, S. LiangGet access
Published in Earth System Science Data (2020)
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346by H. Liu, P. Gong, J. Wang, N. Clinton, Y. Bai, S. LiangGet access
Published in Earth System Science Data (2020)
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349by Gao, Miaoni, Yang, Jing, Gong, Daoyi, He, Haozhe, Kim, Seong-JoongGet access
Published in International Journal of Climatology (2015)
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350by Gong, Wanmin, Beagley, Stephen, Ghahreman, Roya, Akingunola, Ayodeji, Makar, Paul A.Get access
Published 2021
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351by Sharma, S., Lavoué, D., Cachier, H., Barrie, L.A., Gong, S.L.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2004)
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352by Pengcheng Zhou, Juan Wang, Yixiang Zheng, Rongrong Zhou, Xue-Gong FanGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2016)
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353by Gong, Da, Zhang, Nan, Liu, Yunchen, Li, Xingchen, Тalalay, PavelGet access
Published in Ocean Engineering (2016)
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354by Lee, Sukyoung, Gong, Tingting, Johnson, Nathaniel, Feldstein, Steven B., Pollard, DavidGet access
Published in Journal of Climate (2011)
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355by Huang, P., Gong, S. L., Zhao, T. L., Neary, L., Barrie, L. A.Get access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2007)
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