Germany
Germany, }} officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, }} is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its 16 constituent states have a total population of over 82 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and Czechia to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.Settlement in what is now Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. Following the Napoleonic Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German Confederation was formed in 1815.
Formal unification of Germany into the modern nation-state commenced on 18 August 1866 with the North German Confederation Treaty establishing the Prussia-led North German Confederation later transformed in 1871 into the German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was in turn transformed into the Weimar Republic. The Nazi rise to power in 1933 led to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship, World War II, and the Holocaust. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation, in 1949, Germany as a whole was organized into two separate polities with limited sovereignty: the Federal Republic of Germany, generally known as West Germany, and the German Democratic Republic, known as East Germany, while Berlin continued its ''de jure'' Four Power status. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union, while the German Democratic Republic was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact. After the fall of the communist led-government in East Germany, German reunification saw the former East German states join the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
Germany has been described as a great power with a strong economy; it has the largest economy in Europe. As a global power in industrial, scientific and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer. As a developed country it offers social security, a universal health care system, and tuition-free university education. Germany is a member of the United Nations, Council of Europe, NATO and OECD, and a founding member of the European Union, G7 and G20. It has the third-greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (54), with the second-most cultural sites (51). Provided by Wikipedia
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361by Eibler, Dorothee, Krüger, Sabine, Skírnisson, Karl, Vetter, WalterContributors: “...Ministry of Science, Research and Art of Baden-Württemberg (Germany)...”
Published in Journal of Chromatography B (2017)
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362by Pattyn, FrankContributors: “...Alfred Wegener Institut (29 April 1998: Germany)...”
Published 1998
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363Contributors: “...Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of Germany...”
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364by Pruessmann, T., Denecke, M. A., Geist, A., Rothe, J., Lindqvist-Reis, P., Loeble, M., Breher, F., Batchelor, D. R., Apostolidis, C., Walter, O., Caliebe, W., Kvashnina, K., Jorissen, K., Kas, J. J., Rehr, J. J., Vitova, T.Contributors: “...Karlsruhe Inst Technol, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany...”
Published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2012)
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365by Männel, Benjamin, Bradke, Markus, Semmling, Maximilian, Wickert, Jens, Gerber, Thomas, Magnussen, Sylvia, Spreen, Gunnar, Ricker, Robert, Kaleschke, Lars, Aikaterini TavriContributors: “...GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany...”
Published 2021
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366Effects of Ocean Acidification on Resident and Active Microbial Communities of Stylophora pistillataby Barreto, Marcelle Muniz, Ziegler, Maren, Venn, Alexander, Tambutté, Eric, Zoccola, Didier, Tambutté, Sylvie, Allemand, Denis, Antony, Chakkiath Paul, Voolstra, Christian R., Aranda, ManuelContributors: “...Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany...”
Published in Frontiers in Microbiology (2021)
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367by Klingmüller, Klaus, Metzger, Swen, Abdelkader, Mohamed, Karydis, Vlassis A., Stenchikov, Georgiy L., Pozzer, Andrea, Lelieveld, JosContributors: “...Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, Mainz, Germany...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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368by Khalil, Munawar, Doo, Steve S., Stuhr, Marleen, Westphal, HildegardContributors: “...Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany...”
Published in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (2022)
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369Contributors: “...Workshop 2010 (23 June 2010: Bad Bederkesa, Germany)...”
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370Contributors: “...Workshop 2010 (23 June 2010: Bad Bederkesa, Germany)...”
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371Contributors: “...MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FUER AERONOMIE HANOVER (WEST GERMANY)...”
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372by Lange, M. A.Contributors: “...ALFRED WEGENER INST FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH BREMERHAVEN (GERMANY)...”
Published 1992
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373Contributors: “...ALFRED WEGENER INST FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH BREMERHAVEN (GERMANY)...”
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374by Krauss,W.Contributors: “...KIEL UNIV (GERMANY F R) INST FUER MEERESKUNDE...”
Published 1983
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375by Delille, B., Van Der Linden, Fanny, Fripiat, François, Champenois, Willy, Heinesch, Bernard, Zhou, Jiayun, Schoemann, Véronique, Carnat, Gauthier, Moreau, Sébastien, Vivier, Frédéric, Lourenço, Antonio, Kotovitch, Marie, Haskell, T.G., Tison, Jean-LouisContributors: “...SOLAS Open Science Conference 2015 (2015: Kiel, Germany)...”
Published 2015
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376by Petermann, A. (August), 1822-1878Contributors: “...B Domann (Bruno); Justus Perthes (Firm : Gotha, Germany)...”
Published 1876
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377Contributors: “...State of Brandenburg, Germany...”
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378Contributors: “...Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany)...”
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379by Oldenburg, Ellen, Popa, Ovidiu, Wietz, Matthias, von Appen, Wilken-Jon, Torres-Valdes, Sinhue, Bienhold, Christina, Ebenhöh, Oliver, Metfies, KatjaContributors: “...Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC-2048/1...”
Published in ISME Communications (2024)
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380by Sun, Yilun, Pancheri, Felix, Rehekampff, Christoph, Lueth, Tim C.Contributors: “...TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany...”
Published in IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics (2024)
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