| Summary: | Meteorological data collected by the automatic weather stations at the Troll research station and Troll airfield in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. There usually is one datapoint per minute. Currently, the data of four different stations are stored in our database. See below for details. --- ### Current Troll research station (station\_id = kldata/nationalnr=99990/type=504) The current sensor station at Troll research station was set up in October 2017 at coordinates approximately -72.011861N, 2.541167E. Pressure (Px) is measured by a Vaisala PTB330 barometer about 1.5 meters above ground. Wind variables (Dx, Fx, KLFx) are measured by two Gill WindObserver 75, 2 meters (Dx0\_2) and 10 meters (Dx0\_0) above ground. Temperature (Tx) is measured with three sensors; Tx0\_0 by a PT100 1/10 DIN in an unventilated shield, 2 meters above ground and Tx1\_0 and Tx0\_10 by a Vaisala HMP155A in a ventilated radiation shield, 2 and 10 meters above ground, respectively. The two Vaisala HMP155A also measure humidity (UUx) Battery voltage and time ("measured") is monitored by a Campbell CR1000 datalogger. - **AA0_0** : Barograph curve indicating pressure variations during the last 3 hours. See below for details. - **BAT0_0** : Battery voltage in V. - **DD0_x** : Mean wind direction during the last 10 minutes in degrees. - **DX0_x** : Maximum wind direction 10 minute gliding mean during the last hour in degrees. - **FF0_x** : Wind speed 10-minute vector average in m/s. - **FG0_x** : Wind speed maximum 3 second gust during the last hour in m/s. - **FX0_x** : Wind speed maximum 10 minutes mean during the last hour in m/s. - **KLFG0_x** : Time when FG0\_x was observed in \[h\]hmm. - **KLFX0_x** : Time when FX0\_x was observed in \[h\]hmm. - **PH0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the ICAO standard atmosphere in hPa. - **PO0_0** : Atmospheric pressure at station elevation in hPa. - **PON0_0** : Minimum PO0\_0 in the last hour in hPa. - **POX0_0** : Maximum PO0\_0 in the last hour in hPa. - **PP0_0** : Absolute value of the change in pressure from the observation 3 hours ago in hPa. - **PR0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the observed temperature in hPa. - **STATVENT0_x** : Status of the ventilator in the radiation shields for the HMP155A: 0 ok; 1 fan not running. - **TAx_x** : Air temperature mean during the last minute in °C. - **TANx_x** : Minimum temperature during the last hour in °C. - **TAXx_x** : Maximum temperature during the last hour in °C. - **UU0_x** : Relative humidity in percent. - **id** : UUID for this measurement and this station and date. - **measured** : Observation date and time in UTC in ISO 8601 format. - **station_id** : Station identification. --- ### Current Troll airfield (station\_id = kldata/nationalnr=92100/type=504) The current sensor station at Troll airfield was set up in September 2018 at coordinates approximately -71.95685N, 2.46662E. In March 2019, the airfield sensor station got an upgrade so it delivered much more data. Pressure (Px) is measured by a Vaisala PTB330 barometer about 1.5 meters above ground. Wind variables (Dx, Fx, KLFx) are measured by a RM Young 5108-45 Alpine HD 6 meters above ground. Temperature (Tx) is measured by a PT100 1/10 DIN in unventilated radiation shield 2 meters above ground. Humidity (UU0\_0) is measured by a Vaisala HMP155A in unventilated radiation shield 2 meters above ground. Ice temperature (TIx) is measured by a Beaded Stream thermistor string in the ice below the station. Battery voltage and time ("measured") is monitored by a Campbell CR1000 datalogger. - **AA0_0** : Barograph curve indicating pressure variations during the last 3 hours. See below for details. - **BAT0_0** : Battery voltage in V. - **DD0_6** : Mean wind direction during the last 10 minutes in degrees. - **DX0_6** : Maximum wind direction 10 minute gliding mean during the last hour in degrees. - **FF0_6** : Wind speed 10-minute vector average in m/s. - **FG0_6** : Wind speed maximum 3 second gust during the last hour in m/s. - **FX0_6** : Wind speed maximum 10 minutes mean during the last hour in m/s. - **KLFG0_6** : Time when FG0\_6 was observed in \[h\]hmm. - **KLFX0_6** : Time when FX0\_6 was observed in \[h\]hmm. - **PH0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the ICAO standard atmosphere in hPa. - **PO0_0** : Atmospheric pressure at station elevation in hPa. - **PON0_0** : Minimum PO0\_0 in the last hour in hPa. - **POX0_0** : Maximum PO0\_0 in the last hour in hPa. - **PP0_0** : Absolute value of the change in pressure from the observation 3 hours ago in hPa. - **PR0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the observed temperature in hPa. - **TA0_0** : Air temperature mean during the last minute in °C. - **TAN0_0** : Minimum temperature during the last hour in °C. - **TAX0_0** : Maximum temperature during the last hour in °C. - **TI0_*x* ** : Ice temperature at x cm below surface in °C. - **UU0_0** : Relative humidity in percent. - **id** : UUID for this measurement and this station and date. - **measured** : Observation date and time in UTC in ISO 8601 format. - **station_id** : Station identification. --- ### Legacy Troll research station (station\_id = legacy_S01) The first station was set up in September 2005 close to the research station at approximately -72.0115N, 2.5337E. It was decommissioned in January 2019. In the beginning, Vaisala WT501 sensors were used for wind measurements, but the one at 2 meters height stopped working in February 2007 and the one at 10 meters height stopped in December 2007. Both were replaced with Gill WindObserver instruments in April 2009. No wind data is available between those dates. The instrument changes affect the variables DD0\_x, DG0\_x, FF0\_x, and FG0\_x. Pressure (Px) was measured by a Vaisala PTB220 barometer about 1.5 meters above ground. Wind variables (Dx, Fx, KLFx) were first measured by Vaisala WT501 instruments and later (see above) by Gill WindObserver instruments. The sensors were 2 meters (Dx0\_2) and 10 meters (Dx0\_0) above ground. Temperature (Tx) was measured by a PT100 1/10 DIN in unventilated radiation shield. The sensors were 2 meters (Tx0\_0) and 10 meters (Tx0\_10) above ground. Humidity (UU0_0) was likely measured by a Vaisala HMP155A in unventilated radiation shield. The sensors were 2 meters (UU0\_0) and 10 meters (UU0\_10) above ground. Temperature below ground (TGx) was measured by a thermistor string in the ice below the station. Time ("measured") was monitored by a Campbell CR1000 datalogger. The radiation data should be used with extreme caution; there are multiple large sources of error. The LW values were measured with Kipp & Zonen CG4 sensors and the SW values with Kipp & Zonen CM21 sensors. All four sensors were mounted in K&Z CV2 heating and ventilation units. Unfortunately, the temperatures of the sensors were not recorded and the LW values are not corrected for the instrument’s temperature. The best a user can do is assume the instrument had the same temperature as the air and perform a rough correction that way. This adds to the uncertainty in these data, which is large anyway because the sensors were not maintained or calibrated after installation. By 2017, when they were taken down, the glass domes on the CM21 sensors were severely sandblasted on the upwind (north-east) side. They could also be affected by morning shading from the nearby garage that was built north-east of the site in 2012. - **AA0_0** : Barograph curve indicating pressure variations during the last 3 hours. See below for details. - **DD0_x** : Mean wind direction during the last 10 minutes in degrees. - **DG0_x** : Wind direction in degrees. - **FF0_x** : Wind speed 10-minute vector average in m/s. - **FG0_x** : Wind speed maximum 3 second gust during the last minute in m/s. - **LWin** : Incoming longwave (infrared) radiation in W/m². See warning above! - **LWout** : Outgoing longwave (infrared) radiation in W/m². See warning above! - **PH0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the ICAO standard atmosphere in hPa. - **PO0_0** : Atmospheric pressure at station elevation in hPa. - **PP0_0** : Absolute value of the change in pressure from the observation 3 hours ago in hPa. - **PR0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the observed temperature in hPa. - **SWin** : Incoming shortwave (solar) radiation in W/m². See warning above! - **SWout** : Reflected shortwave (solar) radiation in W/m². See warning above! - **TA0_x** : Air temperature mean during the last minute in °C. - **TAN0_0** : Minimum temperature during the last hour in °C. - **TAX0_0** : Maximum temperature during the last hour in °C. - **TD0_x** : Dewpoint temperature mean during the last minute in °C. - **TG0_x** : Temperature in the ground x cm below the surface in °C. - **Tgref** : Temperature in the ground 200 cm below the surface in °C - **UU0_x** : Relative humidity in percent. - **id** : UUID for this measurement and this station and date. - **measured** : Observation date and time in UTC in ISO 8601 format. - **station_id** : Station identification. --- ### Legacy Troll airfield (station\_id = legacy_A01) The second station was set up in January 2007 close to the Troll airfield at approximately -71.95685N, 2.46662E. It was decomissioned in November 2017. Pressure (Px) was measured by a Vaisala PTB220 barometer about 1.5 meters above ground. Wind variables (Dx, Fx, KLFx) were measured by a Gill WindObserver 6 meters above ground. Temperature (Tx) was measured by a PT100 1/10 DIN in unventilated radiation shield 2 meters above ground. Battery voltage and time ("measured") was monitored by a Campbell CR1000 datalogger. - **BAT0_0** : Battery voltage in V. - **DD0_6** : Mean wind direction during the last 10 minutes in degrees. - **DD2min0_6** : Mean wind direction during the last 2 minutes in degrees. - **DDM0_6** : Variability in wind direction during past 10 minutes in degrees. - **DDM2min0_6** : Variability in wind direction during past 2 minutes in degrees. - **FF0_6** : Wind speed 10-minute vector average in m/s. - **FF2min0_6** : Wind speed 2-minute vector average in m/s. - **FG0_6** : Wind speed maximum 3 second gust during the last 10 minutes in m/s. - **FG2min0_6** : Wind speed maximum 3 second gust during the last 2 minutes in m/s. - **PB0_0** : Current pressure as reported from the barometer in hPa. - **PH0_0** : Sea level pressure, adjusted using the ICAO standard atmosphere in hPa. - **PO0_0** : Atmospheric pressure at station elevation in hPa. - **TA0_0** : Air temperature mean during the last minute in °C. - **id** : UUID for this measurement and this station and date. - **measured** : Observation date and time in UTC in ISO 8601 format. - **station_id** : Station identification. --- ### Explanation of AA0\_0 Description of pressure variations during the previous 3 hours. Possible values are: - **0**: Increasing, then decreasing; atmospheric pressure the same or higher than three hours ago - **1**: Increasing, then steady; or increasing, then increasing more slowly; atmospheric pressure now higher than three hours ago - **2**: Increasing (steadily or unsteadily); atmospheric pressure now higher than three hours ago - **3**: Decreasing or steady, then increasing; or increasing then increasing more rapidly; atmospheric pressure now higher than three hours ago - **4**: Steady; atmospheric pressure the same as three hours ago - **5**: Decreasing, then increasing; atmospheric pressure the same or lower than three hours ago - **6**: Decreasing, then steady; or decreasing, then decreasing more slowly; atmospheric pressure now lower than three hours ago - **7**: Decreasing (steadily or unsteadily); atmospheric pressure now lower than three hours ago - **8**: Steady or increasing, then decreasing; or decreasing then decreasing more rapidly; atmospheric pressure now lower than three hours ago
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