Cervus nippon Temminck 1838
23. Sika Deer Cervus nippon French: Cerf sika / German: Sikahirsch / Spanish: Sika Taxonomy. Cervus mnippon Temminck, 1838, Japan. The first true members of the genus Cervus probably appeared in Central Asia and then in Europe during early Pliocene, about 3-5 million years ago. Sika Deer originated...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Other/Unknown Material |
| Language: | unknown |
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Lynx Edicions
2011
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| Online Access: | https://zenodo.org/record/6514499 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514499 |
| Summary: | 23. Sika Deer Cervus nippon French: Cerf sika / German: Sikahirsch / Spanish: Sika Taxonomy. Cervus mnippon Temminck, 1838, Japan. The first true members of the genus Cervus probably appeared in Central Asia and then in Europe during early Pliocene, about 3-5 million years ago. Sika Deer originated in the early Middle Pleistocene in northern China, shifting southward during glaciations. Genetic research has found two lineages, a northern one and a southern one, present both on the mainland and in Japan. Japan was colonized in two different invasions, one by the northern group, possibly via the Sakhalin land bridge, and one by the southern group via the Korean land bridge. Sika Deer have a long tradition of human manipulation (through farming, artificial selection, and translocations). Traditional taxonomy considers at least ten subspecies, whose validity is questionable. Subspecies and Distribution. C.n.nipponTemminck,1838—SJapan(SHonshu,Shikoku,Kiushu,NRyukyu,andseveralsmallerassociatedIs). C.n.centralisKishida,1936—CJapan(N&CHonshu). C.n.grassianusHeude,1884—NChina(Shanxi);possiblyextinctinthewild. C.n.kopschiSwinhoe,1873—SEChina. C.n.mandarinusMilne-Edwards,1871—NChina(Hebei&Shandong);possiblyextinctinthewild. C.n.mantschuricusSwinhoe,1864—Ussuriland(RussianFarEast),NEChina(Heilongjiang),andpossiblyNorthKorea. C.n.pseudaxisGervais,1841—NVietnam;probablyextinctinthewild. C.n.sichuanicusGuo,Cheng&Wang,1978—SWChina(Sichuan&Gansu). C.n.taiouanusBlyth,1860—Taiwan. C. n. yesoensis Heude, 1884 — N Japan (Hokkaido). It was anciently introduced to Solo I (Philippines) and in 17" century to Kerama Is (Ryukyu Is, Japan). Also introduced in 19" and 20" centuries into British Is, mainland Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Poland, western Russia, and Ukraine), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Madagascar, New Zealand, and USA. Descriptive notes. Head body 120-190 cm for males (stags) and 110-160 cm for females (hinds), tail 10-18 cm, shoulder height 65-115 cm (stags) and 60-95 cm ... |
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