Synoicum georgianum Sluiter 1932

• Main Authors: Maggioni, Tamara, Taverna, Anabela, Reyna, Paola B., Alurralde, Gastón, Rimondino, Clara, Tatián, Marcos
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2018
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Chordata; Ascidiacea; Enterogona; Polyclinidae; Synoicum; Synoicum georgianum; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://zenodo.org/record/5995313; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5995313

Synoicum georgianum Sluiter, 1932 References: Synoicum georgianum Sluiter 1932: 11, fig. 9–10; Monniot & Monniot 1983: 32 (synonymy); Sanamyan & Sanamyan 2002: 307–308, fig. 1A; Tatián et al. 2005: 209. Material examined: one colony; net; -38.0249 lat. -54.7361 long. (station 6); 819 m; 16 August 2012 (Figure 5). The only colony found consists of a small rounded head 0.5 cm high by 0.7 cm wide with a conical peduncle 0.8 cm long by 0.5 cm wide (Fig. 5). The zooids are attached by their posterior abdomens to the peduncle. They are all positioned vertically. The entire colony, head and peduncle, is embedded with sand interiorly. The tunic is smooth and grayish. The peduncle is coarse. Zooids are white when alive and after conservation in formalin. The cloacal apertures are inconspicuous. Some zooids presented post-abdomens extremely reduced or even absent, a characteristic related to the state of sexual maturation of each individual. The oral aperture has six slightly marked lobes. The atrial aperture is moderately big and surrounded by a series of three to four circular muscles. The border of the atrial aperture is smooth. The atrial languet is trifid. There are from five to nine longitudinal muscles on each side of the zooids. They run vertically through the thorax, abdomen and post-abdomen. Two-sized oral tentacles are distributed alternately in a single circle. The thorax bears from 14 to 16 rows of small rectangular stigmata. Each half row contains from ten to 14 stigmata. The stomach wall is smooth. The anus is located at the level of the ninth row of stigmata. The posterior margin of the anal border is lobed. No gonads were found. An immature tailless larva was found in the atrial cavity of one zooid. Remarks. The colony resembles very closely the Antarctic species Synoicum pererratum (Sluiter, 1932) in several characteristics of the zooids. Both share: the external accumulation of sand, short and stout post-abdomens, the number of longitudinal muscles, and the number of rows of stigmata and ...