Gracilechinus acutus ? (Lamarck 1816

• Main Authors: Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias, Ávila, Sérgio P.
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Echinodermata; Echinoidea; Camarodonta; Echinidae; Gracilechinus; Gracilechinus acutus; Barents Sea; Denmark Strait; Iceland; Northeast Atlantic
• Online Access: https://zenodo.org/record/5583319; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583319

Gracilechinus acutus ? (Lamarck, 1816) Reports for the Azores: Echinus acutus Lamarck, 1816 —? Koehler 1898: 7, 23; Nobre 1938: 114–115, figs. 48, 51; García-Diez et al. 2005: 50; p.p.? $ Wisshak et al. 2010: 2382, fig. 2L; Micael & Costa 2010: 323; Gracilechinus acutus (Lamarck, 1816) — Micael et al. 2012: 4. See: Mortensen (1943a: 43–52, pl. 3, fig. 3, pl. 5, figs. 1–5, pl. 6, figs. 1–5, pl. 7, figs. 7–9, pl. 8, figs. 1–10, pl. 10, figs. 1–2, pl. 54, fig. 26, as Echinus acutus). Occurrence: Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic, in the north from the Denmark Strait, Iceland, the Barents Sea, and Scandinavia [G. acutus norvegicus (D̹ben & Koren 1846); Mortensen 1943a], southwards along the European (Koehler 1898, Nobre 1938) and North African coasts (D̂derlein 1906, Cadenat 1938) to Sierra Leone (Madsen 1957). Depth: 20– 1,280 m (Mortensen 1943a);? AZO: 380–500 m (herein). Habitat: from detritic bottoms, where feeds on all kind of bottom living organisms, with preference for crustaceans and foraminifera (Mortensen 1943a). Larval stage: planktotrophic (Emlet 1995). Remarks: Koehler (1898) examined young specimens collected by Hirondelle in Azorean waters between 1,372 and 1,850 m, which he identified as possible G. acutus or G. alexandri though due to their small sizes (less than 1 cm) he could not identify them without doubt. Later, Koehler (1909) reviewed the material from Hirondelle and established that the specimens did not belong to G. acutus. The author also added it was not possible to identify the material because of their small size and lack of pedicellaria. Recently, Wisshak et al. (2010: 2383, fig. 2L) presents a photograph of an echinoid taken at 380 m in the southern Faial Channel, which they identified as G. acutus (= Echinus acutus). They also observed that this large echinoid was abundant at a depth of 500 m. However, the photograph portraits a large white animal basketball-shaped with relatively short spines. The spherical white test and the short spines points towards E. melo (Fig. ...