Data from: Host resistance, population structure and the long-term persistence of bubonic plague: contributions of a modelling approach in the Malagasy focus

• Main Authors: Gascuel, Fanny, Choisy, Marc, Duplantier, Jean-Marc, Débarre, Florence, Brouat, Carine
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2013
• Subjects: Xenopsylla cheopis; Host resistance; Synopsyllus fonquerniei; metapopulation structure; disease persistence; Rattus rattus; plague
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.55t60

Although bubonic plague is an endemic zoonosis in many countries around the world, the factors responsible for the persistence of this highly virulent disease remain poorly known. Classically, the endemic persistence of plague is suspected to be due to the coexistence of plague resistant and plague susceptible rodents in natural foci, and/or to a metapopulation structure of reservoirs. Here, we test separately the effect of each of these factors on the long-term persistence of plague. We analyse the dynamics and equilibria of a model of plague propagation, consistent with plague ecology in Madagascar, a major focus where this disease is endemic since the 1920s in central highlands. By combining deterministic and stochastic analyses of this model, and including sensitivity analyses, we show that (i) endemicity is favoured by intermediate host population sizes, (ii) in large host populations, the presence of resistant rats is sufficient to explain long-term persistence of plague, and (iii) the metapopulation structure of susceptible host populations alone can also account for plague endemicity, thanks to both subdivision and the subsequent reduction in the size of subpopulations, and extinction-recolonization dynamics of the disease. In the light of these results, we suggest scenarios to explain the localized presence of plague in Madagascar. Figure1 R script computing and plotting the equilibrium states for a susceptible population, according to the rat's maximal birth rate, r, and the transmission rate, beta. (a) K = 25,000 rats, (b) K = 1,000 rats. figure1.r Figure 1 - system dynamics System dynamics (in C language) used in figure1.r (system (S1.1) in the supporting text S1 of the article). si_fig1.c Figure 2 R script computing and plotting the equilibrium states for a rat population including resistant rats, according to the maximal birth rate of rats, r, and the transmission rate, beta. K = 25,000 rats. figure2.r Figure 2 - system dynamics System dynamics (in C language) used in figure2.r (system (1) in the ...