Impact of model resolution on Arctic sea ice and North Atlantic Ocean heat transport

Arctic sea-ice area and volume have substantially decreased since the beginning of the satellite era. Concurrently, the poleward heat transport from the North Atlantic Ocean into the Arctic has increased, partly contributing to the loss of sea ice. Increasing the horizontal resolution of general cir...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Climate Dynamics
Main Authors: David Docquier, Jeremy Grist, Malcolm Roberts, Christopher Roberts, Tido Semmler, Leandro Ponsoni, François Massonnet, Dmitry Sidorenko, Dmitry Sein, Doroteaciro Iovino, Alessio Bellucci, Thierry Fichefet
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Arctic
sea ice
ocean heat transport
CMIP6
HighResMIP
resolution
Greenland
Iceland
North Atlantic
Sea ice
Online Access:https://zenodo.org/record/3244826
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04840-y
Description
Summary:Arctic sea-ice area and volume have substantially decreased since the beginning of the satellite era. Concurrently, the poleward heat transport from the North Atlantic Ocean into the Arctic has increased, partly contributing to the loss of sea ice. Increasing the horizontal resolution of general circulation models (GCMs) improves their ability to represent the complex interplay of processes at high latitudes. Here, we investigate the impact of model resolution on Arctic sea ice and Atlantic Ocean heat transport (OHT) by using five different state-of-the-art coupled GCMs (12 model configurations in total) that include dynamic representations of the ocean, atmosphere and sea ice. The models participate in the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Model results over the period 1950–2014 are compared to different observational datasets. In the models studied, a finer ocean resolution drives lower Arctic sea-ice area and volume and generally enhances Atlantic OHT. The representation of ocean surface characteristics, such as sea-surface temperature (SST) and velocity, is greatly improved by using a finer ocean resolution. This study highlights a clear anticorrelation at interannual time scales between Arctic sea ice (area and volume) and Atlantic OHT north of 60 ◦N in the models studied. However, the strength of this relationship is not systematically impacted by model resolution. The higher the latitude to compute OHT, the stronger the relationship between sea-ice area/volume and OHT. Sea ice in the Barents/Kara and Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian (GIN) Seas is more strongly connected to Atlantic OHT than other Arctic seas.

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