| Summary: | Abstract The symbiont Ca. Nanohaloarchaeum antarcticus is obligately dependent on its host Halorubrum lacusprofundi for lipids and other metabolites due to its lack of certain biosynthetic genes. However, it remains unclear which specific lipids or metabolites are acquired from its host, and how the host responds to infection. Here, we explored the lipidome dynamics of the Ca. Nha. antarcticus – Hrr. lacusprofundi symbiotic relationship during co-cultivation. By using a comprehensive untargeted lipidomic methodology, our study reveals that Ca. Nha. antarcticus selectively recruits 110 lipid species from its host, i.e. nearly two-thirds of the total number of host lipids. Lipid profiles of co-cultures displayed shifts in abundances of bacterioruberins and menaquinones and changes in the degree of bilayer-forming glycerolipid unsaturation. This likely results in increased membrane fluidity and improved resistance to membrane disruptions, consistent with compensation for higher metabolic load and mechanical stress on host membranes when in contact with Ca. Nha. antarcticus cells. Notably, our findings differ from previous observations of other DPANN symbiont-host systems, where no differences in lipidome composition were reported. Altogether, our workemphasizes the strength of employing untargeted lipidomics approachesto provide details into the dynamics underlying a DPANN symbiont-host system. Repository Contents 1_DPANN_lipidome.zip : includes all source data and code scripts used for figures in this study.Files are organized as follows and are associated with the corresponding parts of the manuscript: Figure 1b, Figure 1c, Figure 1d, Figure 1e, Figure 1f, Figure 1g, Figure 3a, Figure 3b, Supplementary Figures 7-8. Figure 1. Overview of the experimental design and the general lipidome composition in the Hrr. lacusprofundi - Ca. Nha. antarcticus system. (b) qPCR based growth measurements of pure Hrr. lacusprofundi cultures and co-cultures of Hrr. lacusprofundi with Ca. Nha. antarcticus. Error bars show the ...
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