It's about time: a synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

• Published in: Fisheries Oceanography
• Main Authors: Staudinger, Michelle D., Mills, Katherine E., Stamieszkin, Karen, Record, Nicholas R., Hudak, Christine A., Allyn, Andrew, Diamond, Antony, Friedland, Kevin D., Golet, Walt, Henderson, Meghan Elisabeth, Hernandez, Christina M., Huntington, Thomas G., Ji, Rubao, Johnson, Catherine L., Johnson, David Samuel, Jordaan, Adrian, Kocik, John, Li, Yun, Liebman, Matthew, Nichols, Owen C., Pendleton, Daniel, Richards, R. Anne, Robben, Thomas, Thomas, Andrew C., Walsh, Harvey J., Yakola, Keenan
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Wiley 2019
• Subjects: coastal; fish; Gulf of Maine; life cycle; marine; marine invertebrates; marine mammals; migration; phenology; phytoplankton; seabirds; seasonal; timing; zooplankton; Hernandez; Huntington; Pendleton; Northwest Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24832

© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Staudinger, M. D., Mills, K. E., Stamieszkin, K., Record, N. R., Hudak, C. A., Allyn, A., Diamond, A., Friedland, K. D., Golet, W., Henderson, M. E., Hernandez, C. M., Huntington, T. G., Ji, R., Johnson, C. L., Johnson, D. S., Jordaan, A., Kocik, J., Li, Y., Liebman, M., Nichols, O. C., Pendleton, D., Richards, R. A., Robben, T., Thomas, A. C., Walsh, H. J., & Yakola, K. It's about time: a synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Fisheries Oceanography, 28(5), (2019): 532-566, doi:10.1111/fog.12429. The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration ...