Late-Holocene Climate Variability in Southern New Zealand: A reconstruction of regional climate from an annually laminated sediment sequence from Lake Ohau

• Main Author: Roop, Heidi Anne
• Format: Thesis
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: Climatology (excl. Climate Change Processes); Sedimentology; Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy); Palaeoclimatology; Quaternary Environments; Surface Processes; Varves; Climate change; Lake Ohau; School: School of Geography; Environment and Earth Sciences; 040105 Climatology (excl. Climate Change Processes); 040310 Sedimentology; 040311 Stratigraphy (incl. Biostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy); 040605 Palaeoclimatology; 040606 Quaternary Environments; 040607 Surface Processes; 970104 Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences; Degree Discipline: Geology; Degree Level: Doctoral; Degree Name: Doctor of Philosophy; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Pacific; New Zealand; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17012969.v1; https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Late-Holocene_Climate_Variability_in_Southern_New_Zealand_A_reconstruction_of_regional_climate_from_an_annually_laminated_sediment_sequence_from_Lake_Ohau/17012969

This research aims to improve understanding of synoptic climate systems influencing southern New Zealand and document changes in the intensity and frequency of these systems beyond the historical record by analyzing a 1,350-year annually laminated sediment sequence recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand (44.234°S, 169.854°E). Climatological patterns originating in both the tropics (El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)) and in the Antarctic (Southern Annular Mode (SAM)) influence year-to-year variability in New Zealand’s climate (e.g. temperature and precipitation). However, the range of natural variability of these systems in the southwest Pacific over time is poorly known because the instrumental record is short (~100 years). The high-resolution record from Lake Ohau offers a unique opportunity to investigate changes in regional hydrology and climate, and to also explore connections to large-scale climate patterns over the last millennium. Hydrodynamic and hydroclimatic processes that influence and control the production, transport, and deposition of sediment within the Lake Ohau catchment are examined and constrained in order to develop a robust climate record. A key aim is to determine the role that meteorology and climate play in controlling sediment flux. The physical properties and facies of a 5.5-meter-long Lake Ohau sediment core are analyzed using thin-sections, high-resolution X-radiographs scans, and particle-size analyses. Time-series analysis is used to establish links between varve facies, hydroclimate variability and regional synoptic climate types over the instrumental record. Utilizing this climate-proxy relationship, inflow conditions are reconstructed over the last 1,350 years and compared with regional temperature reconstructions to generate a Western South Island paleo-atmospheric circulation index. Relationship between this paleocirculation index and other proxy reconstructions show significant variability in the relative forcing of ...