THE GENRE OF FANTASY AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES (THE NOVEL "THE LORD OF THE RINGS" by J.R.R. TOLKIEN)

• Main Author: Khakimova, Khalimakhon
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2030 Uzbekistan Research Online 2021
• Subjects: literature; fantasy; canon; epic; literary text; adventure story; fairy tale; symbolism; Comparative Literature; Beowulf; karelian
• Online Access: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/buxdu/vol5/iss2/20; https://uzjournals.edu.uz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1319&context=buxdu

Introduction. This article analyzes the genre of fantasy and its peculiarities in THE NOVEL "THE LORD OF THE RINGS" by J.R.R. Tolkien. Modern literature is replete with works in the genre of fantasy. The twentieth century gave birth to an abundance of genre varieties of fantasy, far removed from the classic works of the last century. In the second half of the century, such kind of works written by different authors became most actively developing. It can be argued that fantasy is a genre of its own. Research methods. Fantasy works have been among the most popular in modern literature for a long time. There are many reasons for the widespread interest in these works. In this genre, the multilingual consciousness of the modern novel manifests itself (in the terms of M.M. Bakhtin): the secondary world is built from elements of the culture of various people, and its characteristic feature is an emphasized multinationality, which also requires linguistic wealth. It is impossible to deny the closest connection between language and culture, the metaphor "language is a mirror of culture" perfectly reflects their interdependence [Kocher, 1972]. Results and discussions. Its is very important to note that J.R.R. Tolkien’s creativity is unique, different from others, and therefore requires a special consideration. The works of this author are full of anthroponyms, toponyms and represent an extensive material for research. Let us turn to an examination of the stylistic and genre originality of his works. Among artistic epics is the fantastic trilogy of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" (England, mid-twentieth century). This novel became a cult novel, was filmed on a large scale. It seems to us that the reason for the attractiveness of this novel for readers of several generations has been the talented embodiment of the canonical features of the ancient epic in a modern work by the author. It is known that J.R.R. Tolkien, an Oxford philologist, was well acquainted with the medieval myths of Northern Europe, such as The Saga of Herver, The Saga of the Volsungs, Beowulf, as well as other Old Scandinavian, Old English and medieval English texts. "The Lord of the Rings" was also inspired by other literary sources, for example, the legends of the Arthur and the Karelian-Finnish epic work "Kalevala". According to J.R.R. Tolkien, his contemporaries sorely lacked a heroic epic of such proportions. This conviction of the author was influenced, among other things, by the fact that the work on the book continued during the Second World War. Considering the features of the ancient epic canon the author used in his large-scale fantastic trilogy, as well as how the author departed from the canonical features of the epic, and for what artistic and ideological purpose he did it. Conclusion. A special place in literature today is occupied by works written in the genre of fantasy. Today, most researchers admit that this is an independent genre with its own typological characteristics. As we can see, the author retained precisely those features of the ancient epic that make the work grand, give it scale and scope. At the same time, there are certain differences, which are the originality of the work of "The Lord of the Rings" and how exactly it differs from the ancient epic canon