Reconstructing Native American population history.

• Published in: Nature
• Main Authors: Reich, David, Patterson, Nick, Campbell, Desmond, Tandon, Arti, Mazières, Stéphane, Ray, Nicolas, Parra, Maria V, Rojas, Winston, Duque, Constanza, Mesa, Natalia, García, Luis F, Triana, Omar, Blair, Silvia, Maestre, Amanda, Dib, Juan C, Bravi, Claudio M, Bailliet, Graciela, Corach, Daniel, Hünemeier, Tábita, Bortolini, Maria Cátira, Salzano, Francisco M, Petzl-Erler, María Luiza, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Riba, Laura, Rodríguez-Cruz, Maricela, Lopez-Alarcón, Mardia, Coral-Vazquez, Ramón, Canto-Cetina, Thelma, Silva-Zolezzi, Irma, Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos, Contreras, Alejandra V, Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo, Gómez-Vázquez, Maria José, Molina, Julio, Carracedo, Ángel, Salas, Antonio, Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Witonsky, David B, Alkorta-Aranburu, Gorka, Sukernik, Rem I, Osipova, Ludmila, Fedorova, Sardana A, Vasquez, René, Villena, Mercedes, Moreau, Claudia, Barrantes, Ramiro, Pauls, David, Excoffier, Laurent, Bedoya, Gabriel, Rothhammer, Francisco, Dugoujon, Jean-Michel, Larrouy, Georges, Klitz, William, Labuda, Damian, Kidd, Judith, Kidd, Kenneth, Di Rienzo, Anna, Freimer, Nelson B, Price, Alkes L, Ruiz-Linares, Andrés
• Other Authors: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School Boston (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Department of Genetics Boston, Harvard Medical School Boston (HMS), Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Dept of Genetics, Evolution and Environment London (UCL-GEE), University College of London London (UCL), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EnviroSPACE Laboratory - Forel Institute, Institute for Environmental Sciences Geneva (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia Medellín, Colombia, Universidad de Antoquia, Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia Medellín, Colombia -Facultad de Medicina, Fundacion Salud para el Tropico, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular La Plata (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Buenos Aires (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de la Plata Argentine (UNLP)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas Buenos Aires (CIC), Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Buenos Aires (FFYB), Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (UBA), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre (UFRGS)-Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Parana Curitiba (UFPR), Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba, Brasil = Federal University of Paraná Curitiba, Brazil = Université fédérale du Paraná Curitiba, Brésil (UFPR), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropologia y Historia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran Mexico, Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Departamento de Biologìa, Facultad de Quìmica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City, Mexico (IMSS), Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Genetica Humana, Hospital de pediatria, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo WXI-IMSS, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Biologıa de la Reproduccion, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Mexique (UANL), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-Institute of Legal Medicine-CIBERER, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain (USC ), Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2012
• Subjects: [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology; [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics; aleut; Chipewyan; eskimo*; Eskimo–Aleut; Siberia
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00726962; https://hal.science/hal-00726962/document; https://hal.science/hal-00726962/file/Reich_et_al_FullSubmission_2011_08_10709A.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11258

International audience The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call 'First American'. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.