Фонетические варианты древней топоосновы *Ylä- ‘верхний’ и их генезис в гидронимии Карелии

• Published in: Вопросы ономастики
• Main Authors: Муллонен, И. И., Mullonen, I. I.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Издательство Уральского университета 2018
• Subjects: FINNIC LANGUAGES; SAAMI LANGUAGES; SUBSTRATE TOPONYMY; ETYMOLOGY; TOPONYMIC FORMANTS; TOPONYMIC STEMS; KARELIA; ПРИБАЛТИЙСКО-ФИНСКИЕ ЯЗЫКИ; СААМСКИЕ ЯЗЫКИ; СУБСТРАТНАЯ ТОПОНИМИЯ; ЭТИМОЛОГИЯ; ТОПОФОРМАНТЫ; ТОПООСНОВА; КАРЕЛИЯ; Ileksa; Onega; karelia*; saami; Саамские языки; järv
• Online Access: http://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/79849; https://doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2018.15.2.013

The paper explores modifi cations of the ancient proto-Finnic toponymic stem *Ylä- ‘top, upper,’ attested in the hydronymy of Karelia and adjacent regions. The analysis aims to reveal its phonetic variants and their sources. It is observed that in hydronyms the stem is used both independently and in conjunction with some formants. The latter, originating from derivational suffi xes and grammatical markers, have a strong tradition of usage evidenced by a number of discovered toponyms with markers having specifi c protolanguage features. For instance, toponyms like Ilinž/järv (-nžV < Proto-Saami *-ńće), Ylini/järvi (Finnic -ini), Yliz/järvi (Finnic -ize) showcase different stages of the development of diminutive / attributive suffi x. The so-called superlative suffi x, derived from the protolanguage superlative marker *-maηće/*-mäηće, along with its Saami and Finnic modifi cations, is attested in lake names such as Il’mozero, Ilemenza, Il’maž, Il’meza, Elimozero, El’mus, Ylimäine, Ylimäis/järvi etc. on the territory of Karelia and adjacent areas. It is proposed that the same logic applies to the origins of the Novgorod placename Ilmen. To underpin the attempted “upper” toponymic stems reconstruction, the study brings them in line with other place names derived from the stems with spatial semantics, formed with similar formant-types (e.g. lake Pelonč, Pil’masozero, Kukimasozero, Tarazmane). A certain areal distribution of naming patterns, apparently marking different ethno-linguistic groups, is also identifi ed. Specifi cally, the pattern El’muz ~ Elimys known in the Central Karelia and west adjacent areas of Eastern Finland refl ects the Late Proto-Saami linguistic condition. The pattern Ileksa, given its tight range between the lakes Lachа, Vozhe, Beloye, and Onega, as well as its phonetic appearance, may be an ancestry of an earlier language condition, associated with the Late Kargopol archaeological culture. The said culture’s areal quite accurately repeats the outlines of the toponymic range of Ileksa and ...