Dietary habits among snus users : a population-based cross-sectional study

Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use. Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users. Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food & Nutrition Research
Main Authors: Berglund, Fanny, Törmä, Johanna, Wennberg, Maria, Wennberg, Patrik, Oskarsson, Viktor
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Uppsala universitet, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism 2023
Subjects:
tobacco
smokeless tobacco
snus
diet
food
beverages
Public Health
Global Health
Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Folkhälsovetenskap
global hälsa
socialmedicin och epidemiologi
Nutrition and Dietetics
Näringslära
Northern Sweden
Online Access:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-514912
https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9537
Description
Summary:Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use. Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users. Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: -0.86 [95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: -1.03 [-1.65, -0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con -sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: -1.43 [-2.12, -0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]). Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.

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