Ocean remote sensing techniques and applications: a review (Part I)

Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth’s surface and provide numerous services to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor these valuable assets using advanced technologies. In this regard, Remote Sensing (RS) provides a great opportunity to study different oceanographic parameter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water
Main Authors: Amani, Meisam, Moghimi, Armin, Mirmazloumi, Seyedmohammad, Ranjgar, Babak, Ghorbanian, Arsalan, Ojaghi, Saeid, Ebrahimy, Hamid, Naboureh, Amin, Nazari, Mohsen Eslami, Mahdavi, Sahel, Moghaddam, Sayyed Hamed Alizadeh, Asiyabi, Reza Mohammadi, Ahmadi, Seyed Ali, Mehravar, Soroosh, Mohseni, Farzane, Jin, Shuanggen
Other Authors: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia Aeroespacials
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/2117/391125
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213400
Description
Summary:Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth’s surface and provide numerous services to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor these valuable assets using advanced technologies. In this regard, Remote Sensing (RS) provides a great opportunity to study different oceanographic parameters using archived consistent multitemporal datasets in a cost-efficient approach. So far, various types of RS techniques have been developed and utilized for different oceanographic appli- cations. In this study, 15 applications of RS in the ocean using different RS techniques and systems are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. This study is divided into two parts to supply more detailed information about each application. The first part briefly discusses 12 different RS systems that are often employed for ocean studies. Then, six applications of these systems in the ocean, including Ocean Surface Wind (OSW), Ocean Surface Current (OSC), Ocean Wave Height (OWH), Sea Level (SL), Ocean Tide (OT), and Ship Detection (SD), are provided. For each application, the applicable RS systems, their advantages and disadvantages, various RS and Machine Learning (ML) techniques, and several case studies are discussed. The other nine applications, including Iceberg, Sea Ice (SI), Sea Surface temperature (SST), Ocean Surface Salinity (OSS), Ocean Color (OC), Ocean Chlorophyll (OCh), Ocean Oil Spill (OOS), Underwater Ocean, and Fishery, are provided in Part II of this study. Peer Reviewed Postprint (published version)