Spatial and temporal variability of the physical, carbonate and CO 2 properties in the Southern Ocean surface waters during austral summer (2005-2019)
International audience In situ measurements of sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), Total Alkalinity (A T ) and Total Carbon (C T ) were obtained during austral summer (mid-February to mid-March) from 2005 to 2019 in the Southern Ocean (SO), along a transect between Hobart, Tasmania and Du...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2022
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://insu.hal.science/insu-03778091 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03778091/document https://insu.hal.science/insu-03778091/file/1-s2.0-S0967063722001480-main.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103836 |
Summary: | International audience In situ measurements of sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), Total Alkalinity (A T ) and Total Carbon (C T ) were obtained during austral summer (mid-February to mid-March) from 2005 to 2019 in the Southern Ocean (SO), along a transect between Hobart, Tasmania and Dumont d'Urville French Antarctic Station. The studied transect is divided in four regions from North to South: the Subtropical Zone (STZ), the Subantarctic Region (SAR), the Antarctic Region (AAR) and the Coastal Antarctic Zone (CAZ). Latitudinal distribution of measured SST, SSS, A T , C T as well as calculated pH, CO 2 parameters (seawater fugacity of CO 2 (fCO 2sw ), difference between seawater and atmospheric fCO 2 (ΔfCO 2 ), CO 2 flux (FCO 2 )) and satellite-derived Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) are discussed. We show that the variability of physical and carbonate parameters in the STZ and north of the SAR are related to the mesoscale activity. In the CAZ, the freshwater inputs from sea-ice melting strongly impact the variability of all parameters. The comparison between physical and carbonate parameters highlights that A T and C T are directly related to the latitudinal variability of SST and SSS. Study of the CO 2 parameters shows that the transect is a sink of CO 2 during February and March, with a mean FCO 2 of -4.0 ± 2.8 mmol m -2 d -1 . The most negative values of FCO 2 are found in the STZ and SAR north of 50°S and in the AAR south of 62°S, where biological activity is high. New simple empirical relationships are developed for A T from SST and SSS and for C T using SST, SSS and atmospheric fCO 2 (fCO 2atm ) for the austral summer in the studied area. Using high resolution SSS and SST from the SURVOSTRAL program, trends of A T and C T are determined in the SAR and the AAR from 2005 to 2019. SST, SSS and A T increase over this period in the SAR, which might be explained by the southward migration of the Subtropical Front. In the AAR, no clear trend is detected. C T increases by 1.0 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.3 μmol kg -1 yr ... |
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