Percepcija različitih psihičkih bolesti kod oboljelih i članova njihovih obitelji

• Main Author: Majdančić, Ana
• Format: Text
• Language: Croatian
• Published: 2018
• Subjects: Klinička psihologija; sami
• Online Access: http://darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/10115/; http://darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/10115/1/Majdancic_Ana.pdf

Najpoznatija teorija koja nastoji objasniti bolesnikov doživljaj bolesti je Leventhalov model samoregulacije, vodeći se tom teorijskom podlogom, ovo istraživanje nastoji ispitati kako određene psihičke bolesti percipiraju sami oboljeli i članovi njihovih obitelji te u kojoj mjeri je ta njihova percepcija povezana s prilagodbom određenoj bolesti. U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 160 sudionika oboljelih od depresije, shizofrenije i PTSP-a te 80 članova njihovih obitelji. Primjenom Upitnika doživljaja bolesti (IPQ-R) ispitala se kvantitativna procjena doživljaja bolesti uzimajući u obzir komponente Leventhalovog modela samoregulacije. Kako bi se dobio detaljniji uvid u doživljaj bolesti oboljelih, provedene su po dvije fokusne grupe s oboljelima od depresije, shizofrenije i PTSP-a. Obrada rezultata ukazala je kako sve tri skupine oboljelih od psihičkih bolesti opisuju bolest kao kroničnu s naglaskom na farmakoterapiju. Izraženija depresivna slika pokazala se vezana za percepciju manjeg broja simptoma, slabije mogućnosti kontrole putem tretmana te percepcije bolesti kao dugotrajnije. Oboljeli od depresije percipiraju mogućnost osobne kontrole i kontrole putem tretmana u manjoj mjeri nego oboljeli od shizofrenije, no u nešto većoj mjeri nego oboljeli od PTSP-a. Dobiveno ukazuje da oboljeli od shizofrenije naglašavaju značajno veći broj simptoma, te percipiraju u značajnoj mjeri mogućnost kontrole putem tretmana i mogućnost osobne kontrole nad bolesti. Oboljeli od PTSP-a u odnosu na druge oboljele, u značajnoj mjeri percipiraju posljedice bolesti te pokazuju značajno niži rezultat kada je u pitanju mogućnost kontrole bolesti (i tretmanom i osobno). Općenito se kod oboljelih pokazalo da, što je veća percepcija kontrole putem tretmana, to je i bolje razumijevanje bolesti te bolja emocionalna prilagođenost bolesti, dok, što je veća percepcija posljedica, to je lošija emocionalna prilagođenost. Članovi obitelji percipiraju značajno veći broj posljedica u odnosu na oboljele te su se pokazali u manjoj mjeri emocionalno pogođeni bolešću. Kao prediktor emocionalne prilagođenosti kod članova obitelji, značajnim se pokazalo trajanje bolesti (percepcija bolesti kao kronične rezultira lošijom emocionalnom prilagodbom). Uz to se pokazalo da članovi obitelji oboljelih od PTSP-a imaju veću percepciju osobne kontrole i kontrole putem tretmana te slabije razumijevanje bolesti, a članovi obitelji oboljelih od shizofrenije puno bolje razumijevanje bolesti. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na različitost percepcije bolesti među oboljelima, ali i članovima njihovih obitelji. Navedene razlike mogu u značajnoj mjeri pomoći pri planiranju budućih psihoedukacija te grupa podrške i za oboljele i za članove njihovih obitelji. The most famous theory which explains the patient's illness is Leventhal's model of self-regulation. Using this model, aim of this study is to examine how certain mental illnesses are perceived by the patients and members of their families and to what extent their perception is related to adaptation to a particular disease. A total of 160 patients with a diagnosis of depression, schizophrenia and PTSD and 80 members of their families participated in this study. Using the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) a quantitative assessment of the disease experience was considered; taking into account the Leventhal model of self-regulation. In order to obtain a more detailed insight into the illness experience, two focus groups with each group of patients (depresion, schizophrenia, PTSP) were included. The results indicated that all three groups of patients described their disease as chronic with an emphasis on pharmacotherapy. A larger number of depressive symptoms was associated with perception of smaller number of symptoms, less controllability by treatment and chronic timeline of depression. Patients with depression perceived depression as more controllable by treatment and in person then patients with PTSD, but less then patients with schizophrenia. In this study, sch patients emphasize significantly more symptoms and perceive higher possibility of control through treatment and the possibility of personal control of the disease. Patients with PTSD compared to other two groups are prone to perceive significantly more consequences of the disease and show the lowest outcome when it comes to the possibility of controlling the disease (both in treatment and in person). Our study has shown, in case of patients, that greater perception of treatment control leads to better understanding of the disease and better emotional adaptation to the disease. Also, greater perception of consequences leads to poor emotional adaptation. Family members recognized significantly more consequences of the disease in relation to the patients and were less emotionally affected by the disease. In family members as a predictor of a emotional adaptation to the disease significant factor was duration of the disease (poorer emotional adaptation is associated with perception of the disease as chronic). Also, higher perception of personal and treatment control was detected in family members of PTSD patients, while family members of sch patients had shown better understanding of the disease. The results of this study point to the difference in perception of illness among the patients and their family members. These differences can significantly contribute to further planning of psychoeducation, support groups for patients and their family members.