Seismic Vulnerability of Buried Energy Pipelines in Northern Canada
Permafrost in Canada’s North covers the terrain either continuously or discontinuously. Geological hazards associated with the presence of permafrost are serious barriers against development of the northern hydrocarbon resources. In recent decades, negative effects of geohazards such as frost heave,...
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| Format: | Text |
| Language: | English |
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Scholarship@Western
2016
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| Online Access: | https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3805 https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/context/etd/article/5312/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf |
| Summary: | Permafrost in Canada’s North covers the terrain either continuously or discontinuously. Geological hazards associated with the presence of permafrost are serious barriers against development of the northern hydrocarbon resources. In recent decades, negative effects of geohazards such as frost heave, thaw settlement, slope instability on the safety of northern pipelines are widely studied; however, those of the seismic events are not. During earthquakes, buried pipelines may suffer damage from the induced transient ground deformations (TGD) and/or permanent ground deformations (PGD). While the former is caused by seismic wave propagation, the latter can result from liquefaction, faulting and landslides. This thesis investigates the effects of seismic hazards on the safety of northern pipelines. In discontinuous permafrost regions, the subsurface conditions are complex due to the presence of intermittent scattered frozen areas. Therefore, this case is studied by means of shaking table tests and 2D numerical modelling. It is concluded that the site response at the top of frozen zones is larger than that at the top of unfrozen zones. Consequently, the pipelines in discontinuous permafrost regions are exposed to intermittent differential ground motions during wave propagation. Pipeline response to this type of excitation is investigated using a finite element program developed in Matlab in which soil and pipe nonlinearities, large deformations and cross-sectional ovalization of the pipe are considered. Tensile rupture, local buckling and premature cross-sectional failure are checked and it is observed that the pipes have a margin of safety under TGD. Northern pipelines behaviour subjected to the PGD caused by active-layer detachments, the most common type of landslides in the permafrost regions, is also studied. Considering soil and slope uncertainties and utilizing Monte Carlo technique, probabilistic slope stability analysis is performed first. The probability of exposure to the landslide-caused PGD and the ... |
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