| Summary: | The CityLoops project brought together seven European cities to pilot a series of demonstration actions to close the loop of two of the most important waste streams in Europe: Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), and Bio-waste (BW). The ultimate aim was to become circular cities in which no resource goes to waste, driving the transition to the circular economy (CE). The project started 1.10.2019 and ended 30.9.2023. The project was coordinated by ICLEI – Local Government for Sustainability and it received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 821033. Wageningen Research was in charge of coordinating the work package on BioWaste and together with the city of Apeldoorn for the implementation of the BioWaste demonstration actions in Apeldoorn. There was also a work package of Construction and Demolition Waste demonstration actions. This report studies the governance by these seven cities – Apeldoorn, Bodø, Mikkeli, Porto, Seville, HøjeTaastrup and Roskilde – for circular handling of BW and CDW. City governments have a role in making economies circular, because of the public interest in resource management, but also they have a capacity to govern and thereby to influence companies and citizens and their organizations within the city area. The cities’ actions happen in a wider setting of higher hierarchicallayers of governance, of institutionalized social factors of influence (such as ways of decision making and work practices) and of physical organization. This context has an impact on the demonstration actions and on circularity actions in general. And vice versa the demonstration actions impact on the transition of thisorganization into a circular system or economy. The present study looks into both the institutionalised, systemic factors and the means of action employed in the demonstration actions. It also looks briefly into the physical organization. It suggest what could be done to further the transition towards a CE in the city. This is ...
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