Optimization of a low flow sampler for improved assessment of gas and particle bound exposure to chlorinated paraffins

An optimized low volume sampler was developed to determine both gas- and particle bound concentrations of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (S/MCCPs). Background contamination was limited by the sampler design, providing method quantification limits (MQLs) at least two orders of magnitude...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere
Main Authors: Al Saify, Insam, Cioni, Lara, van Mourik, Louise M., Brandsma, Sicco H., Warner, Nicholas Alexander
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021
Subjects:
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400
Arctic
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21832
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130066
Description
Summary:An optimized low volume sampler was developed to determine both gas- and particle bound concentrations of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (S/MCCPs). Background contamination was limited by the sampler design, providing method quantification limits (MQLs) at least two orders of magnitude lower than other studies within the gas (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.86 ng (ΣMCCPs)) and particle (MQL: 500 pg (ΣSCCPs), 1.72 ng (ΣMCCPs) phases. Good repeatability was observed between parallel indoor measurements (RSD ≤ 9.3% (gas), RSD ≤ 14% (particle)) with no breakthrough/saturation observed after a week of continuous sampling. For indoor air sampling, SCCPs were dominant within the gas phase (17 ± 4.9 ng/m 3 ) compared to MCCPs (2.7 ± 0.8 ng/m 3 ) while the opposite was observed in the particle bound fraction (0.28 ± 0.11 ng/m 3 (ΣSCCPs) vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 ng/m 3 (ΣMCCPs)). Only SCCPs in the gas phase could be detected reliably during outdoor sampling and were considerably lower compared to indoor concentrations (0.27 ± 0.10 ng/m 3 ). Separation of the gas and particle bound phase was found to be crucial in applying the appropriate response factors for quantification based on the deconvoluted S/MCCP sample profile, thus avoiding over- (gas phase) or underestimation (particle phase) of reported concentrations. Very short chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs, C5-C9) were also detected at equal or higher abundance compared to SCCP congener groups (C10-C13) congener groups, indicating an additional human indoor inhalation risk.

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