Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland
The article studies the Sámi experiences during the ‘German era’ in Norway and Finland, 1940–1944, before the Lapland War. The Germans ruled as occupiers in Norway, but had no jurisdiction over the civilians in Finland, their brothers-in-arms. In general, however, encounters between the local people...
Published in: | Scandinavian Journal of History |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Taylor & Francis
2019
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17966 https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 |
_version_ | 1829305340088287232 |
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author | Evjen, Bjørg Lehtola, Veli-Pekka |
author_facet | Evjen, Bjørg Lehtola, Veli-Pekka |
author_sort | Evjen, Bjørg |
collection | University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 25 |
container_title | Scandinavian Journal of History |
container_volume | 45 |
description | The article studies the Sámi experiences during the ‘German era’ in Norway and Finland, 1940–1944, before the Lapland War. The Germans ruled as occupiers in Norway, but had no jurisdiction over the civilians in Finland, their brothers-in-arms. In general, however, encounters between the local people and the Germans appear to have been cordial in both countries. Concerning the role of racial ideology, it seems that the Norwegian Nazis had more negative opinions of the Sámi than the occupiers, while in Finland the racial issues were not discussed. The German forces demonstrated respect for the reindeer herders as communicators of important knowledge concerning survival in the Arctic. The herders also possessed valuable meat reserves. Contrary to this, other Sámi groups, such as the Sea Sámi in Norway, were ignored by the Germans, resulting in a forceful exploitation of sea fishing. Through the North Sámi concept birget (coping with), we analyse how the Sámi both resisted and adapted to the situation. The cross-border area of Norway and Sweden is described in the article as an exceptional arena for transnational reindeer herding, but also for the resistance movement between an occupied and a neutral state. |
format | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
genre | Arctic North Sámi Sámi Lapland |
genre_facet | Arctic North Sámi Sámi Lapland |
geographic | Arctic Norway |
geographic_facet | Arctic Norway |
id | ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/17966 |
institution | Open Polar |
language | English |
op_collection_id | ftunivtroemsoe |
op_container_end_page | 47 |
op_doi | https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 |
op_relation | Scandinavian Journal of History FRIDAID 1699876 doi:10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17966 |
op_rights | openAccess Copyright © 2020 Informa UK Limited |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | openpolar |
spelling | ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/17966 2025-04-13T14:14:40+00:00 Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland Evjen, Bjørg Lehtola, Veli-Pekka 2019-05-09 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17966 https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 eng eng Taylor & Francis Scandinavian Journal of History FRIDAID 1699876 doi:10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17966 openAccess Copyright © 2020 Informa UK Limited VDP::Humanities: 000 VDP::Humaniora: 000 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed acceptedVersion 2019 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 2025-03-14T05:17:55Z The article studies the Sámi experiences during the ‘German era’ in Norway and Finland, 1940–1944, before the Lapland War. The Germans ruled as occupiers in Norway, but had no jurisdiction over the civilians in Finland, their brothers-in-arms. In general, however, encounters between the local people and the Germans appear to have been cordial in both countries. Concerning the role of racial ideology, it seems that the Norwegian Nazis had more negative opinions of the Sámi than the occupiers, while in Finland the racial issues were not discussed. The German forces demonstrated respect for the reindeer herders as communicators of important knowledge concerning survival in the Arctic. The herders also possessed valuable meat reserves. Contrary to this, other Sámi groups, such as the Sea Sámi in Norway, were ignored by the Germans, resulting in a forceful exploitation of sea fishing. Through the North Sámi concept birget (coping with), we analyse how the Sámi both resisted and adapted to the situation. The cross-border area of Norway and Sweden is described in the article as an exceptional arena for transnational reindeer herding, but also for the resistance movement between an occupied and a neutral state. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic North Sámi Sámi Lapland University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Norway Scandinavian Journal of History 45 1 25 47 |
spellingShingle | VDP::Humanities: 000 VDP::Humaniora: 000 Evjen, Bjørg Lehtola, Veli-Pekka Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland |
title | Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland |
title_full | Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland |
title_fullStr | Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland |
title_full_unstemmed | Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland |
title_short | Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland |
title_sort | mo birget soadis (how to cope with war) adaptation and resistance in sámi relations to germans in wartime sápmi, norway and finland |
topic | VDP::Humanities: 000 VDP::Humaniora: 000 |
topic_facet | VDP::Humanities: 000 VDP::Humaniora: 000 |
url | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17966 https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774 |