Behavioral description on surface and characterization of humpback whales population (Megaptera novaeangliae) during the breeding season 2006 in Colombian Pacific coast

Humpback whales arrive to Colombian Pacific Ocean for breeding and rearing its calves; from 20 m high shore platforms, 115 groups were observed during 44.8 effective sample hours during the 2006 breeding season. Using the group-follow method and incidental sampling were evaluated the group structure...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista Biodiversidad Neotropical
Main Author: Rocha-Gómez, Oscar
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Spanish
Published: JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2011
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Online Access:https://revistas.utch.edu.co/index.php/Bioneotropical/article/view/33
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Summary:Humpback whales arrive to Colombian Pacific Ocean for breeding and rearing its calves; from 20 m high shore platforms, 115 groups were observed during 44.8 effective sample hours during the 2006 breeding season. Using the group-follow method and incidental sampling were evaluated the group structure, displacement patterns and surface behavior frequency (flippering, lobtailing, breaching, arching, surface turns and spy hoping). Results showed that 26.1% of the groups were formed mainly by one adult, following by groups formed by two adults (22.6%), female, its calf and one escort (21.7%), female and its calf (20%), female, its calf and more than one escort (7%), by three adults (1.7%), and by two females, two calves and two escorts (0.9%). Whales swam with an average speed of 7.3 km/h, and there were not significant differences in speed between the groups (H6=4.9, p=0.5). 69.6% of the whales swam north, 27.8% south, and the rest did not show a clear course; the average time diving was about 4.9 min. Surface behaviors were short, it occurred during 2.5% of the registered time, and the group formed by two adults was the most active (H6=19.9, p=0.02). Humpback whales passing by Bahia Solano, in July and August, principally alone and in groups with one calf, course north, with a moderate speed, with diving intervals about 5 minutes; and that the aerial behavior is not frequent. Las ballenas jorobadas llegan al océano Pacífico colombiano para la reproducción y la crianza; desde plataformas marinas de 20 m de altura, se observaron 115 grupos durante 44.8 horas de muestreos efectivos, durante la temporada de cría 2006. Utilizando el método de muestreo de seguimiento grupal- incidental, se evaluó la estructura grupal, los patrones de desplazamiento y la frecuencia de la conduc- ta sobre la superficie marina (aleteos, coletazos, exhalaciones, arqueos, saltos y espionajes). Los resultados mostraron que el 26.1% de los grupos estuvieron formados principalmente por un adulto, seguidos por grupos de dos adultos (22.6%), hembra con cría y un escolta (21.7%), hembra con cría (20%), hembra con cría y más de un escolta (7%), tres adultos (1.7%), dos hembras, dos crías y dos escoltas (0.9%). La velocidad media fue de 7.3 km/h, y no hubo diferencias significativas en la veloci- dad entre los grupos de ballenas (H6=4.9, p=0,5). El 69.6% de las ballenas nadaron hacia el norte, 27.8% al sur y el resto no mostró un rumbo claro; el tiempo promedio de inmersión fue de 4.9 min. Los comportamientos superficiales fueron cortos, se produjeron durante el 2.5% del tiempo registrado y el grupo formado por dos adultos fue la agrupación más activa (H6=19.9, p=0.02). Las ballenas joroba- das que pasan por Bahía Solano, en julio y agosto, se encuentran principalmente solas y en grupos con cría, llevan rumbo norte con una velocidad moderada, con intervalos de buceo alrededor de cinco minutos y el comportamiento aéreo no es muy frecuente.