| Summary: | The role of the Southern Ocean (SO) remains a key issue in our understanding of the global carbon cycle and for predicting future climate change. A number of recent studies suggest that 30 to 40% of ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon ( C ANT ) occurs in the SO, accompanied by highly efficient transport of C ANT by intermediate-depth waters out of that region. In contrast, storage of C ANT in deep and bottom layers is still an open question. Significant discrepancies can be found between results from several indirect techniques and ocean models. Even though reference methodologies state that C ANT concentrations in deep and bottom layers of the SO are negligible, recent results from tracer-based methods and ocean models as well as accurate measurements of 39 Ar, CCl 4 and CFCs along the continental slope and in the Antarctic deep and bottom waters contradict this conclusion. The role of the SO in the uptake, storage and transport of C ANT has proved to be really important for the global ocean and there is a need for agreement between the different techniques. A CO 2 -data-based (“back-calculation”) method, the C T 0 method, was developed with the aim of obtaining more accurate C ANT concentration and inventory estimates in the SO region (south of 45°S). Data from the GLODAP (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project) and CARINA databases were used. The C T 0 method tries to reduce at least two of the main caveats attributed to the back-calculation methods: the need for a better definition of water mass mixing and, most importantly, the unsteady state of the air-sea CO 2 disequilibrium (Δ C dis ) term. Water mass mixing was computed on the basis of results from an extended Optimum Multi-Parametric (eOMP) analysis applied to the main water masses of the SO. Recently published parameterizations were used to obtain more reliable values of Δ C dis and also of preformed alkalinity. The variability of the Δ C dis term (δ C dis ) was approximated using results from an ocean carbon cycle model. Results from the C T 0 method ...
|
|---|