Survey for karlotoxin production in 15 species of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates (Kareniaceae, Dinophyta)1

Toxin analysis of 15 species of Kareniaceaerevealed the presence of karlotoxin, KmTx 2, in onlya single species (Karlodinium veneficum) but with variableactivity in strains from the Swan (KmSwanTx 2-1,2.1 pg cell)1; and KmSwanTx 2-2, 0.53 pg cell)1),Huon (KmHuonTx 2, 0.86 pg cell)1), and Derwentrive...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Phycology
Main Authors: Mooney, B, de Salas, MF, Hallegraeff, GM, Place, AR
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Blackwell Publishing Inc 2009
Subjects:
Biological Sciences
Plant Biology
Phycology (incl. Marine Grasses)
Huon
Antarc*
Online Access:http://interscience.wiley.com
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00630.x
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/59942
Description
Summary:Toxin analysis of 15 species of Kareniaceaerevealed the presence of karlotoxin, KmTx 2, in onlya single species (Karlodinium veneficum) but with variableactivity in strains from the Swan (KmSwanTx 2-1,2.1 pg cell)1; and KmSwanTx 2-2, 0.53 pg cell)1),Huon (KmHuonTx 2, 0.86 pg cell)1), and Derwentrivers (<0.001 pg cell)1) in Australia. A newly isolatedSouthern Ocean species, Karlodinium conicum,contained a novel poorly hemolytic karlotoxin analogue(KmconicumTx, 2.8 pg cell)1). The hemolyticpotency (HD50%) of the Australian karlotoxins wereas follows: KmSwanTx 2-1 (65.9 4.8 ng) andKmSwanTx 2-2 (63.4 3.7 ng), KmHuonTx 2 (343 4.9 ng), and KmconicumTx (>4,000 ng). Species fromthe closely related genera Takayama (T. helix, T. tasmanica,T. tuberculata), Karenia (K. asterichroma,K. brevis, K. mikimotoi, K. papilionacea, K. umbella),and Karlodinium (Ka. australe, Ka. antarcticum,Ka. ballantinum, Ka. corrugatum, Ka. decipiens) wereall consistently negative for karlotoxin production.Brevetoxin (PbTx) was only detected in K. brevis, andhemolytic activity was only observed in Ka. veneficumstrains.

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