Analyzing the impacts of elevated-CO 2 levels on the development of a subtropical zooplankton community during oligotrophic conditions and simulated upwelling

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Alguero-Muniz, M, Horn, HG, Alvarez-Fernandez, S, Spisla, C, Aberle, N, Bach, LT, Guan, W, Achterberg, EP, Riebesell, U, Boersma, M
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Research Foundation 2019
• Subjects: Earth Sciences; Oceanography; Biological Oceanography; Ocean acidification; Copepods
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00061; http://ecite.utas.edu.au/133682

Ocean acidification (OA) is affecting marine ecosystems through changes in carbonate chemistry that may influence consumers of phytoplankton, often via trophic pathways. Using a mesocosm approach, we investigated OA effects on a subtropical zooplankton community during oligotrophic, bloom, and post-bloom phases under a range of different p CO 2 levels (from ∼400 to ∼1480 μatm). Furthermore, we simulated an upwelling event by adding 650 m-depth nutrient-rich water to the mesocosms, which initiated a phytoplankton bloom. No effects of p CO 2 on the zooplankton community were visible in the oligotrophic conditions before the bloom. The zooplankton community responded to phytoplankton bloom by increased abundances in all treatments, although the response was delayed under high- p CO 2 conditions. Microzooplankton was dominated by small dinoflagellates and aloricate ciliates, which were more abundant under medium- to high- p CO 2 conditions. The most abundant mesozooplankters were calanoid copepods, which did not respond to CO 2 treatments during the oligotrophic phase of the experiment but were found in higher abundance under medium- and high- p CO 2 conditions toward the end of the experiment, most likely as a response to increased phyto- and microzooplankton standing stocks. The second most abundant mesozooplankton taxon were appendicularians, which did not show a response to the different p CO 2 treatments. Overall, CO 2 effects on zooplankton seemed to be primarily transmitted through significant CO 2 effects on phytoplankton and therefore indirect pathways. We conclude that elevated p CO 2 can change trophic cascades with significant effects on zooplankton, what might ultimately affect higher trophic levels in the future.