Estimation of Antarctic land-fast sea ice algal biomass and snow thickness from under-ice radiance spectra in two contrasting areas

Fast ice is an important component of Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems, providing a prolific habitat for ice algal communities. This work examines the relationships between normalized difference indices (NDI) calculated from under‐ice radiance measurements and sea ice algal biomass and snow thick...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Main Authors: Wongpan, P, Meiners, KM, Langhorne, PJ, Heil, P, Smith, IJ, Leonard, GH, Massom, RA, Clementson, LA, Haskell, TG
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2018
Subjects:
Earth Sciences
Physical geography and environmental geoscience
Glaciology
Arctic
Antarctic
McMurdo Sound
Davis Station
Davis-Station
Antarc*
ice algae
Ice Shelf
Sea ice
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013711
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/129186
Description
Summary:Fast ice is an important component of Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems, providing a prolific habitat for ice algal communities. This work examines the relationships between normalized difference indices (NDI) calculated from under‐ice radiance measurements and sea ice algal biomass and snow thickness for Antarctic fast ice. While this technique has been calibrated to assess biomass in Arctic fast ice and pack ice, as well as Antarctic pack ice, relationships are currently lacking for Antarctic fast ice characterized by bottom ice algae communities with high algal biomass. We analyze measurements along transects at two contrasting Antarctic fast ice sites in terms of platelet ice presence: near and distant from an ice shelf, i.e., in McMurdo Sound and off Davis Station, respectively. Snow and ice thickness, and ice salinity and temperature measurements support our paired in situ optical and biological measurements. Analyses show that NDI wavelength pairs near the first chlorophyll a (chl a ) absorption peak (≈440 nm) explain up to 70% of the total variability in algal biomass. Eighty‐eight percent of snow thickness variability is explained using an NDI with a wavelength pair of 648 and 567 nm. Accounting for pigment packaging effects by including the ratio of chl a ‐specific absorption coefficients improved the NDI‐based algal biomass estimation only slightly. Our new observation‐based algorithms can be used to estimate Antarctic fast ice algal biomass and snow thickness noninvasively, for example, by using moored sensors (time series) or mapping their spatial distributions using underwater vehicles.

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