Effects of genotype and dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oil on the intestinal transcriptome and proteome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

• Published in: BMC Genomics
• Main Authors: Morais, Sofia, Silva, Tome, Cordeiro, Odete, Rodrigues, Pedro, Guy, Derrick R, Bron, James, Taggart, John, Bell, J Gordon, Tocher, Douglas R
• Other Authors: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Algarve, Landcatch Natural Selection Ltd, orcid:0000-0003-3544-0519, orcid:0000-0002-3843-9663, orcid:0000-0002-8603-9410
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BioMed Central 2012
• Subjects: Atlantic salmon; genotype; nutrition; fish oil; vegetable oil; fat; lean; intestine; transvcriptome; Salmo salar
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9293; https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-448; http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/9293/1/1471-2164-13-448.pdf

Background: Expansion of aquaculture requires alternative feeds and breeding strategies to reduce dependency on fish oil (FO) and better utilization of dietary vegetable oil (VO). Despite the central role of intestine in maintaining body homeostasis and health, its molecular response to replacement of dietary FO by VO has been little investigated. This study employed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study effects of dietary VO in two family groups of Atlantic salmon selected for flesh lipid content, 'Lean' or 'Fat'. Results: Metabolism, particularly of lipid and energy, was the functional category most affected by diet. Important effects were also measured in ribosomal proteins and signalling. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis pathway, assessed by fatty acid composition and gene expression, was influenced by genotype. Intestinal tissue contents of docosahexaenoic acid were equivalent in Lean salmon fed either a FO or VO diet and expression of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes was up-regulated in VO-fed fish in Fat salmon. Dietary VO increased lipogenesis in Lean fish, assessed by expression of FAS, while no effect was observed on β-oxidation although transcripts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were down-regulated, suggesting less active energetic metabolism in fish fed VO. In contrast, dietary VO up-regulated genes and proteins involved in detoxification, antioxidant defence and apoptosis, which could be associated with higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this diet. Regarding genotype, the following pathways were identified as being differentially affected: proteasomal proteolysis, response to oxidative and cellular stress (xenobiotic and oxidant metabolism and heat shock proteins), apoptosis and structural proteins particularly associated with tissue contractile properties. Genotype effects were accentuated by dietary VO. Conclusions: Intestinal metabolism was affected by diet and genotype. Lean fish may have higher responsiveness to low dietary n-3 ...