Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system
1. The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expec...
Published in: | Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29228 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29228/1/Cusack_et_al-2020-Journal_of_Animal_Ecology.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/29228 2023-05-15T15:50:48+02:00 Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system Cusack, Jeremy J Kohl, Michel T Metz, Matthew C Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R Smith, Douglas W MacNulty, Daniel R National Park Service National Science Foundation Natural Environment Research Council Biological and Environmental Sciences Utah State University University of Montana University of Oxford U.S. National Park Service orcid:0000-0003-3004-1586 orcid:0000-0002-9173-8910 2020-01 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29228 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29228/1/Cusack_et_al-2020-Journal_of_Animal_Ecology.pdf en eng Wiley Cusack JJ, Kohl MT, Metz MC, Coulson T, Stahler DR, Smith DW & MacNulty DR (2020) Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89 (1), pp. 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29228 doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12968 30838656 WOS:000506707800012 2-s2.0-85063337296 1261925 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29228/1/Cusack_et_al-2020-Journal_of_Animal_Ecology.pdf © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2020 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 2022-06-13T18:42:13Z 1. The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations. 2. We addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in northern Yellowstone, USA. 3. We quantified spatial overlap between the winter home ranges of GPS‐collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf‐killed elk and vegetation openness. We also assessed whether elk varied their use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories. We determined whether observed values were significantly lower than expected if elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach. 4. Although a small proportion of elk did show a tendency to minimize use of open vegetation at specific times of the day, overall we highlight a notable absence of spatiotemporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone. 5. Our results suggest that predator–prey interactions may not always result in strong spatiotemporal patterns of avoidance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Journal of Animal Ecology 89 1 120 131 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Cusack, Jeremy J Kohl, Michel T Metz, Matthew C Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R Smith, Douglas W MacNulty, Daniel R Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
topic_facet |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
description |
1. The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations. 2. We addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) to the risk of predation by wolves (Canis lupus) during winter in northern Yellowstone, USA. 3. We quantified spatial overlap between the winter home ranges of GPS‐collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf‐killed elk and vegetation openness. We also assessed whether elk varied their use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories. We determined whether observed values were significantly lower than expected if elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach. 4. Although a small proportion of elk did show a tendency to minimize use of open vegetation at specific times of the day, overall we highlight a notable absence of spatiotemporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone. 5. Our results suggest that predator–prey interactions may not always result in strong spatiotemporal patterns of avoidance. |
author2 |
National Park Service National Science Foundation Natural Environment Research Council Biological and Environmental Sciences Utah State University University of Montana University of Oxford U.S. National Park Service orcid:0000-0003-3004-1586 orcid:0000-0002-9173-8910 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cusack, Jeremy J Kohl, Michel T Metz, Matthew C Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R Smith, Douglas W MacNulty, Daniel R |
author_facet |
Cusack, Jeremy J Kohl, Michel T Metz, Matthew C Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R Smith, Douglas W MacNulty, Daniel R |
author_sort |
Cusack, Jeremy J |
title |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_short |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_full |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_fullStr |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_full_unstemmed |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_sort |
weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29228 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29228/1/Cusack_et_al-2020-Journal_of_Animal_Ecology.pdf |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
Cusack JJ, Kohl MT, Metz MC, Coulson T, Stahler DR, Smith DW & MacNulty DR (2020) Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89 (1), pp. 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29228 doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12968 30838656 WOS:000506707800012 2-s2.0-85063337296 1261925 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29228/1/Cusack_et_al-2020-Journal_of_Animal_Ecology.pdf |
op_rights |
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 |
container_title |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
container_volume |
89 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
120 |
op_container_end_page |
131 |
_version_ |
1766385807330902016 |