Prednosti i nedostaci života u zajednicama kod kitova

• Main Author: Mihaljević, Mihaela
• Other Authors: Krstulović Šifner, Svjetlana
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Croatian
• Published: Sveučilište u Splitu. Sveučilišni odjel za studije mora. 2020
• Subjects: kitovi; usani; zubani; prednosti; nedostaci; život u zajednici; whales; baleen; toothed; benefits; costs; group living; BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Poljoprivreda (agronomija); BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Agronomy; baleen whales; toothed whales
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.svkst.unist.hr/islandora/object/morest:162; https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:226:790662; https://repozitorij.svkst.unist.hr/islandora/object/morest:162/datastream/PDF

Kitovi su red morskih sisavca koji su građom tijela i tjelesnim funkcijama u potpunosti prilagođeni životu u moru. Postoji više od 80 recentnih vrsta kitova svrstanih u dva podreda; kitovi usani (Mysticeti) i kitovi zubani (Odontoceti). Generalno, kitovi su izrazito društvene životinje koje uglavnom žive u zajednicama. Postoje dvije vrste zajednica, mutualističke i nemutualističke. Mutualističke zajednice se formiraju radi dugoročnih koristi koju jedinka dobiva od grupe. Ne mutualističke zajednice se formiraju zbog trenutnih koristi koje jedinka može imati od grupe. Život u zajednici donosi brojne prednosti, ali i nedostatke. Najznačajnija prednost je zaštita od predatora, a najveći nedostatak je podjela prehrambenih resursa. Kitovi u grupi pokazuju altruističko ponašanje koje se očituje kroz suradnju i pomoć drugim jedinkama u zajednici iako time ugrožavaju vlastitu sigurnost. Whales are an order of marine mammals that are fully adapted to sea life with their anatomy and body functions. There are more than 80 recet whale species classified in two suborders: baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti). Generally, whales are social animals that mostly live in associations. There are two types of associations, mutualistic and non-mutualistic. Mutualistic associations are formed for the long-term benefits which an individual receives from the group. Non-mutualistic associations are formed for the immediate benefits that an individual can recieve from a group. Living in a group brings many benefits, but also some costs. The most significant benefit is predator protection, and the biggest cost is the distribution of food resources. The whales in the group show altruistic behaviour, which manifests through cooperation and assistance towards other individuals in the group, although thereby endangering their own safety.