Fylogeografia a ochranárska genetika vzácnych palearktických megaherbivorov

This review is focused on the surviving species of Pleistocene megaherbivores in the Palearctic realm. It describes a basic classification of herbivores depending on their trophic niche, the adaptations associated with diet and an application of Cope's rule in evolution of ungulates. This is fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Červeňák, Jakub
Other Authors: Hulva, Pavel, Robovský, Jan
Format: Bachelor Thesis
Language:Slovak
Published: Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/173178
Description
Summary:This review is focused on the surviving species of Pleistocene megaherbivores in the Palearctic realm. It describes a basic classification of herbivores depending on their trophic niche, the adaptations associated with diet and an application of Cope's rule in evolution of ungulates. This is followed by a description of different approaches in defining megafauna and causes of large animals extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene and during the Holocene. At the end of the general part of this work, the importance of megafaunal elements as keystone species and concepts of downsizing, associated trophic downgrading and the idea of rewilding are being emphasized. In the second part of the work, Pleistocene history, phylogeography and marked reduction of range during the Holocene are described for elk (Alces alces), European bison (Bison bonasus) and Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) according to the available literature. Finally, a history of the efforts to save the species and current knowledge on conservation genetics related to an overcome bottleneck effect are ascertained. Key words: Pleistocene megafauna, bottleneck, reintroduction, rewilding, browsing, grazing Táto literárna rešerš je zameraná na preživšie druhy pleistocénnych megaherbivorov v palearktickej oblasti. Popisuje základné členenie herbivorov podľa trofickej niky, adaptácie spojené s typom potravy a uplatnenie Copeho pravidla v evolúcii kopytníkov. Následne rozoberá rôzne prístupy v definovaní megafauny a dôvody extinkcií veľkých živočíchov na konci pleistocénu a v priebehu holocénu. V závere všeobecnej časti zdôrazňuje význam zástupcov megafauny ako kľúčových druhov a koncepty downsizingu, s ním spojeného trofického downgradingu a myšlienku rewildingu. V druhej časti je u losa mokraďového (Alces alces), zubra hrivnatého (Bison bonasus) a koňa Przewalského (Equus przewalskii) podľa dostupnej literatúry popísaná pleistocénna história druhu, fylogeografia a výrazná antropogénna redukcia areálu v holocéne. Napokon je preberaná história snáh o ...