Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Background: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged chi...

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Published in:The Lancet
Main Authors: Horimoto, AR, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Htike, MMT, Hu, Y, Huerta, JM, Huhtaniemi, IT, Huidumac Petrescu, C, Husseini, A, Huu, CN, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Hyska, J, Iacoviello, L, Ibarluzea, JM, Ibrahim, MM, Ibrahim Wong, N, Ikeda, N, Ikram, MA, Iotova, V, Irazola, VE, Ishida, T, Islam, M, Islam, SMS, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, RT, Jacobs, JM, Jaddou, HY, Jafar, T, James, K, Jamil, KM, Jamrozik, K, Janszky, I, Janus, E, Jarani, J, Jarvelin, MR, Jasienska, G, Jelakovic, A, Jelakovic, B, Jennings, G, Jha, AK, Jiang, CQ, Jimenez, RO, Jöckel, KH, Joffres, M, Johansson, M, Jokelainen, JJ, Jonas, JB, Jørgensen, T, Joshi, P, Joukar, F, Jovic, DP, Józwiak, JJ, Juolevi, A, Jurak, G, Jurca Simina, I, Juresa, V, Kaaks, R, Kaducu, FO, Kafatos, A, Kajantie, EO, Kalmatayeva, Z, Kalter Leibovici, O, Kameli, Y, Kanala, KR, Kannan, S, Kapantais, E, Karki, KB, Katibeh, M, Katz, J, Katzmarzyk, PT, Kauhanen, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kazakbaeva, GM, Keil, U, Keinan Boker, L, Keinänen Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kelleher, C, Kemper, HC, Keramati, M, Kerimkulova, A, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khaw, KT, Kheiri, B, Kheradmand, M, Khosravi, A, Khouw, IM, Kiechl Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, DW, Kim, HC, Kim, J, Kindblom, JM, Klakk, H, Klimek, M, Klimont, J, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Koirala, B, Kolle, E, Kolsteren, P, König, J, Korpelainen, R, Korrovits, P, Korzycka, M, Kos, J, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Kovacs, VA, Kowlessur, S, Koziel, S, Kratzer, W, Kriemler, S, Kristensen, PL, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Krtalic, B, Kruger, HS, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kujala, UM, Kujundzic, E, Kulaga, Z, Kumar, RK, Kunešová, M, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, YS, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, La, QN, Laamiri, FZ, Laatikainen, T, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Lambrinou, CP, Landais, E, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Latt, TS, Lauria, L, Lazo Porras, M, Le Nguyen Bao, K, Le Port, A, Le, TD, Lee, J, Lee, PH, Lehmann, N, Lehtimäki, T, Lemogoum, D, Levitt, NS, Li, Y, Liivak, M, Lilly, CL, Lim, WY, Lima Costa, MF, Lin, HH, Lin, X, Lin, YT, Lind, L, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Liu, J, Liu, L, Lo, WC, Loit, HM, Long, KQ, Lopes, L, Lopes, O, Lopez Garcia, E, Lopez, T, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, JE, Lukrafka, JL, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lundqvist, R, Lunet, N, Lunogelo, C, Lustigová, M, Luszczki, E, Ma, G, Ma, J, Ma, X, Machado Coelho, GL, Machado Rodrigues, AM, Machi, S, Macieira, LM, Madar, AA, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Magnacca, S, Magriplis, E, Mahasampath, G, Maire, B, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Mäki, P, Malekzadeh, F, Malhotra, R, Mallikharjuna Rao, K, Malyutina, SK, Maniego, LV, Manios, Y, Mann, JI, Mansour Ghanaei, F, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Markaki, A, Markey, O, Markidou Ioannidou, E, Marques Vidal, P, Marques, LP, Marrugat, J, Martin Prevel, Y, Martin, R, Martorell, R, Martos, E, Marventano, S, Mascarenhas, LP, Masoodi, SR, Mathiesen, EB, Mathur, P, Matijasevich, A, Matsha, TE, Mavrogianni, C, Mazur, A, Mbanya, JCN, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McKee, M, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, McLean, SB, McNulty, BA, Mediene Benchekor, S, Medzioniene, J, Mehdipour, P, Mehlig, K, Mehrparvar, AH, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisfjord, J, Meisinger, C, Menezes, AMB, Menon, GR, Mensink, GB, Menzano, MT, Mereke, A, Meshram, II, Metspalu, A, Mi, J, Michaelsen, KF, Michels, N, Mikkel, K, Milkowska, K, Miller, JC, Minderico, CS, Mini, GK, Miquel, JF, Mirjalili, MR, Mirkopoulou, D, Mirrakhimov, E, Mišigoj Durakovic, M, Mistretta, A, Mocanu, V, Modesti, PA, Moghaddam, SS, Mohajer, B, Mohamed, MK, Mohamed, SF, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, Z, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mohd Yusoff, MF, Mohebbi, I, Mohebi, F, Moitry, M, Molbo, D, Møllehave, LT, Møller, NC, Molnár, D, Momenan, A, Mondo, CK, Monroy Valle, M, Monterrubio Flores, E, Monyeki, KDK, Moosazadeh, M, Moreira, LB, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Morin, SN, Mortensen, EL, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota Pinto, A, Mota, J, Motlagh, ME, Motta, J, Moura dos Santos, MA, Mridha, MK, Msyamboza, KP, Mu, TT, Muc, M, Mugoša, B, Muiesan, ML, Mukhtorova, P, Müller Nurasyid, M, Murphy, N, Mursu, J, Murtagh, EM, Musa, KI, Music Milanovic, S, Musil, V, Mustafa, N, Nabipour, I, Naderimagham, S, Nagel, G, Naidu, BM, Najafi, F, Nakamura, H, Námešná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Nankap, M, Narake, S, Nardone, P, Nauck, M, Neal, WA, Nejatizadeh, A, Nelis, K, Nelis, L, Nenko, I, Neovius, M, Nervi, F, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, QN, Nieto Martínez, RE, Nikitin, YP, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Nishtar, S, Noale, M, Noboa, OA, Nogueira, H, Norat, T, Nordendahl, M, Nordestgaard, BG, Noto, D, Nowak Szczepanska, N, Nsour, MA, Nuhoglu, I, Nurk, E, O'Neill, TW, O'Reilly, D, Obreja, G, Ochimana, C, Ochoa Avilés, AM, Oda, E, Oh, K, Ohara, K, Ohlsson, C, Ohtsuka, R, Olafsson, Ö, Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, IO, Omar, MA, Onat, A, Ong, SK, Ono, LM, Ordunez, P, Ornelas, R, Ortiz, AP, Ortiz, PJ, Osler, M, Osmond, C, Ostojic, SM, Ostovar, A, Otero, JA, Overvad, K, Owusu Dabo, E, Paccaud, FM, Padez, C, Pagkalos, I, Pahomova, E, Paiva, KMD, Pajak, A, Palli, D, Palloni, A, Palmieri, L, Pan, WH, Panda Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panza, F, Papandreou, D, Park, SW, Park, S, Parnell, WR, Parsaeian, M, Pascanu, IM, Pasquet, P, Patel, ND, Pednekar, MS, Peer, N, Peixoto, SV, Peltonen, M, Pereira, AC, Peres, MA, Pérez Farinós, N, Pérez, CM, Peterkova, V, Peters, A, Petersmann, A, Petkeviciene, J, Petrauskiene, A, Pettenuzzo, E, Peykari, N, Pham, ST, Pichardo, RN, Pierannunzio, D, Pigeot, I, Pikhart, H, Pilav, A, Pilotto, L, Pistelli, F, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Pizarro, AN, Plans Rubió, P, Poh, BK, Pohlabeln, H, Pop, RM, Porta, M, Posch, G, Poudyal, A, Poulimeneas, D, Pouraram, H, Pourfarzi, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, AJ, Price, JF, Providencia, R, Puder, JJ, Pudule, I, Puhakka, SE, Puiu, M, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Quoc Bao, T, Radic, I, Radisauskas, R, Rahimikazerooni, S, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Raj, M, Rakhimova, E, Rakhmatulloev, S, Rakovac, I, Ramachandra Rao, S, Ramachandran, A, Ramke, J, Ramos, E, Ramos, R, Rampal, L, Rampal, S, Rarra, V, Rascon Pacheco, RA, Rasmussen, M, Rech, CR, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Regecová, V, Revilla, L, Rezaianzadeh, A, Ribas Barba, L, Ribeiro, R, Riboli, E, Richter, A, Rigo, F, Rinaldo, N, Rinke de Wit, TF, Rito, A, Ritti Dias, RM, Rivera, JA, Robitaille, C, Roccaldo, R, Rodrigues, D, Rodríguez Artalejo, F, Rodriguez Perez, MDC, Rodríguez Villamizar, LA, Roggenbuck, U, Rojas Martinez, R, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Romaguera, D, Romeo, EL, Rosario, RV, Rosengren, A, Rouse, I, Roy, JG, Rubinstein, A, Rühli, FJ, Ruidavets, JB, Ruiz Betancourt, BS, Ruiz Moreno, E, Rusakova, IA, Russell Jonsson, K, Russo, P, Rust, P, Rutkowski, M, Sabanayagam, C, Sacchini, E, Sachdev, HS, Sadjadi, A, Safarpour, AR, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Saidi, O, Saki, N, Salanave, B, Salazar Martinez, E, Salmerón, D, Salomaa, V, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Samoutian, M, Sánchez Abanto, J, Sandjaja, Sans, S, Santa Marina, L, Santos, DA, Santos, IS, Santos, LC, Santos, MP, Santos, O, Santos, R, Santos Sanz, S, Saramies, JL, Sardinha, LB, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathish, T, Saum, KU, Savva, S, Savy, M, Sawada, N, Sbaraini, M, Scazufca, M, Schaan, BD, Schaffrath Rosario, A, Schargrodsky, H, Schienkiewitz, A, Schindler, K, Schipf, S, Schmidt, CO, Schmidt, IM, Schnohr, P, Schöttker, B, Schramm, S, Schröder, H, Schultsz, C, Schutte, AE, Sebert, S, Sein, AA, Selamat, R, Sember, V, Sen, A, Senbanjo, IO, Sepanlou, SG, Sequera, V, Serra Majem, L, Servais, J, Ševcíková, L, Shalnova, SA, Shamah Levy, T, Shamshirgaran, M, Shanthirani, CS, Sharafkhah, M, Sharma, SK, Shaw, JE, Shayanrad, A, Shayesteh, AA, Shengelia, L, Shi, Z, Shibuya, K, Shimizu Furusawa, H, Shin, DW, Shin, Y, Shirani, M, Shiri, R, Shrestha, N, Si Ramlee, K, Siani, A, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Silva, AM, Silva, DAS, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjöberg, A, Sjöström, M, Skodje, G, Slowikowska Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smeeth, L, So, HK, Soares, FC, Sobek, G, Sobngwi, E, Sodemann, M, Söderberg, S, Soekatri, MY, Soemantri, A, Sofat, R, Solfrizzi, V, Somi, MH, Sonestedt, E, Song, Y, Sørgjerd, EP, Sossa Jérome, C, Soto Rojas, VE, Soumaré, A, Sovic, S, Sparboe Nilsen, B, Sparrenberger, K, Spinelli, A, Spiroski, I, Staessen, JA, Stamm, H, Stathopoulou, MG, Staub, K, Stavreski, B, Steene Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Stergiou, GS, Stessman, J, Stevanovic, R, Stieber, J, Stöckl, D, Stocks, T, Stokwiszewski, J, Stoyanova, E, Stratton, G, Stronks, K, Strufaldi, MW, Sturua, L, Suárez Medina, R, Suka, M, Sun, CA, Sundström, J, Sung, YT, Sunyer, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Swinburn, BA, Sy, RG, Syddall, HE, Sylva, RC, Szklo, M, Szponar, L, Tai, ES, Tammesoo, ML, Tamosiunas, A, Tan, EJ, Tang, X, Tanser, F, Tao, Y, Tarawneh, MR, Tarp, J, Tarqui Mamani, CB, Taxová Braunerová, R, Taylor, A, Taylor, J, Tchibindat, F, Tebar, WR, Tell, GS, Tello, T, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, H, Theodoridis, X, Thijs, L, Thomas, N, Thuesen, BH, Tichá, L, Timmermans, EJ, Tjonneland, A, Tolonen, HK, Tolstrup, JS, Topbas, M, Topór Madry, R, Torheim, LE, Tormo, MJ, Tornaritis, MJ, Torrent, M, Torres Collado, L, Toselli, S, Traissac, P, Tran, TTH, Trichopoulos, D, Trichopoulou, A, Trinh, OT, Trivedi, A, Tshepo, L, Tsigga, M, Tsugane, S, Tuliakova, AM, Tulloch Reid, MK, Tullu, F, Tuomainen, TP, Tuomilehto, J, Turley, ML, Tynelius, P, Tzotzas, T, Tzourio, C, Ueda, P, Ugel, E, Ukoli, FA, Ulmer, H, Unal, B, Usupova, Z, Uusitalo, HM, Uysal, N, Vaitkeviciute, J, Valdivia, G, Vale, S, Valvi, D, van Dam, RM, Van der Heyden, J, van der Schouw, YT, Van Herck, K, Van Minh, H, van Valkengoed, IG, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Varbo, A, Varela Moreiras, G, Varona Pérez, P, Vasan, SK, Vega, T, Veidebaum, T, Velasquez Melendez, G, Velika, B, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, WM, Victora, CG, Viegi, G, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vineis, P, Vioque, J, Virtanen, JK, Visser, M, Visvikis Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vladulescu, M, Vlasoff, T, Vocanec, D, Völzke, 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MH, Zhao, W, Zhen, S, Zheng, W, Zheng, Y, Zholdin, B, Zhou, M, Zhu, D, Zocalo, Y, Zuñiga Cisneros, J, Zuziak, M, Ezzati, M, Rodriguez Martinez, A, Zhou, B, Sophiea, MK, Bentham, J, Paciorek, CJ, Iurilli, ML, Carrillo Larco, RM, Bennett, JE, Di Cesare, M, Taddei, C, Bixby, H, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Cowan, MJ, Savin, S, Danaei, G, Chirita Emandi, A, Kengne, AP, Khang, YH, Laxmaiah, A, Malekzadeh, R, Miranda, JJ, Moon, JS, Popovic, SR, Sørensen, TI, Soric, M, Starc, G, Zainuddin, AA, Gregg, EW, Bhutta, ZA, Black, R, Abarca Gómez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Abdrakhmanova, S, Abdul Ghaffar, S, Abdul Rahim, HF, Abu Rmeileh, NM, Abubakar Garba, J, Acosta Cazares, B, Adams, RJ, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agdeppa, IA, Aghazadeh Attari, J, Aguilar Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, MH, Ahmad, NA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmed, SH, Ahrens, W, Aitmurzaeva, G, Ajlouni, K, Al Hazzaa, HM, Al Othman, AR, Al Raddadi, R, Alarouj, M, AlBuhairan, F, AlDhukair, S, Ali, MM, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Allin, K, Alvarez Pedrerol, M, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, DN, Amiri, P, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Ängquist, L, Anjana, RM, Ansari Moghaddam, A, Aounallah Skhiri, H, Araújo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arku, RE, Arlappa, N, Aryal, KK, Aspelund, T, Assah, FK, Assunção, MCF, Aung, MS, Auvinen, J, Avdicová, M, Azevedo, A, Azimi Nezhad, M, Azizi, F, Azmin, M, Babu, BV, Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M, Baharudin, A, Bahijri, S, Baker, JL, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Baran, J, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Barkat, A, Barros, AJ, Barros, MVG, Basit, A, Bastos, JLD, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Batista, RL, Battakova, Z, Batyrbek, A, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Bel Serrat, S, Belavendra, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Benedics, J, Benet, M, Berkinbayev, S, Bernabe Ortiz, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bezerra, J
Other Authors: Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130559
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31859-6
Description
Summary:Background: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 519 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 910 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators ...