Geophysical signature of a World War I tunnel-like anomaly in the Forni Glacier (Punta Linke, Italian Alps)

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Authors: Francese, R. G., Bondesan, A., Giorgi, M., Picotti, S., Carcione, J., Salvatore, M. C., Nicolis, F., Baroni, C.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: Glaciers monitoring; Glaciers retreat; GPR; World War I; Italian Alps; numerical modeling; Journal of Glaciology
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1003836; https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.59; https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/geophysical-signature-of-a-world-war-i-tunnellike-anomaly-in-the-forni-glacier-punta-linke-italian-alps/928BE81CB042E9598BFE6738586D5418

Global warming and the associated glacier retreat recently revealed the entrance to an ice–rock tunnel, at an altitude of ~3600 m a.s.l., in the uppermost portion of the Forni Glacier in the Central Italian Alps. The tunnel served as an entrance to an Austro-Hungarian cableway station excavated in the rocks during the Great War just behind the frontline. A comprehensive geophysical survey, based on seismic and ground-penetrating radar profiling, was then undertaken to map other possible World War I (WWI) remains still embedded in the ice. The ice–rock interface was reconstructed over the entire saddle and in the uppermost portion of the glacier. A prominent linear reflector was surprisingly similar to the common response of buried pipes. The reflector orientation, almost longitudinal to the slope, does not seem to be compatible with a glacial conduit or with other natural features. Numerical simulations of a series of possible targets constrained interpretation to a partly water-filled rounded shape cavity. The presence of a preserved WWI tunnel connecting Mount Vioz and Punta Linke could be considered a realistic hypothesis. The Forni glacier could be still considered polythermal and comprised of cold ice without basal sliding in its top portion.