Phocine Distemper Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was first recognized in 1988 following a massive epidemic in harbor and grey seals in north-western Europe. Since then, the epidemiology of infection in North Atlantic and Arctic pinnipeds has been investigated. In the western North Atlantic endemic infection in harp an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses
Main Authors: Pádraig Duignan, Marie Françoise Van Bressem, Jason Baker, Michelle Barbieri, Kathleen Colegrove, Sylvain De Guise, Rik de Swart, Giovanni Di Guardo, Andrew Dobson, W. Duprex, Greg Early, Deborah Fauquier, Tracey Goldstein, Simon Goodman, Bryan Grenfell, Kátia Groch, Frances Gulland, Ailsa Hall, Brenda Jensen, Karina Lamy, Keith Matassa, Sinead Morris, Ole Nielsen, David Rotstein, Teresa Rowles, Jeremy Saliki, Ursula Siebert, Thomas Waltzek, James Wellehan, MAZZARIOL, SANDRO
Other Authors: Pádraig, Duignan, Marie Françoise Van, Bressem, Jason, Baker, Michelle, Barbieri, Kathleen, Colegrove, Sylvain De, Guise, Rik de, Swart, Giovanni Di, Guardo, Andrew, Dobson, W., Duprex, Greg, Early, Deborah, Fauquier, Tracey, Goldstein, Simon, Goodman, Bryan, Grenfell, Kátia, Groch, Frances, Gulland, Ailsa, Hall, Brenda, Jensen, Karina, Lamy, Keith, Matassa, Mazzariol, Sandro, Sinead, Morri, Ole, Nielsen, David, Rotstein, Teresa, Rowle, Jeremy, Saliki, Ursula, Siebert, Thomas, Waltzek, James, Wellehan
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2014
Subjects:
Morbilliviru
Seal
CD150/SLAM
immunity
Pathogenesis
Arctic
Pacific
Elephant Seal
harbor seal
North Atlantic
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3061499
https://doi.org/10.3390/v6125093
Description
Summary:Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was first recognized in 1988 following a massive epidemic in harbor and grey seals in north-western Europe. Since then, the epidemiology of infection in North Atlantic and Arctic pinnipeds has been investigated. In the western North Atlantic endemic infection in harp and grey seals predates the European epidemic, with relatively small, localized mortality events occurring primarily in harbor seals. By contrast, PDV seems not to have become established in European harbor seals following the 1988 epidemic and a second event of similar magnitude and extent occurred in 2002. PDV is a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus with minor sequence variation between outbreaks over time. There is now mounting evidence of PDV-like viruses in the North Pacific/Western Arctic with serological and molecular evidence of infection in pinnipeds and sea otters. However, despite the absence of associated mortality in the region, there is concern that the virus may infect the large Pacific harbor seal and northern elephant seal populations or the endangered Hawaiian monk seals. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on PDV with particular focus on developments in diagnostics, pathogenesis, immune response, vaccine development, phylogenetics and modeling over the past 20 years.

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