| Summary: | Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition already in adolescence and seems to predict future symptoms. Most of the previous longitudinal studies on LBP have been conducted in adult populations. Among adolescents, LBP has been linked most convincingly to psychosocial factors and smoking. We are not aware of any previous studies on clustering of potential risk factors in adolescent LBP. The main objective of this study was to analyze the potential associations of mainly modifiable psychosocial and lifestyle factors with LBP in adolescence. The factors evaluated were overweight, smoking, physical workload, family’s socioeconomic status, and the co-occurrence of psychosocial and lifestyle factors. The present study used the database of the 16- to 18-year-old adolescent subcohort, Oulu Back Study (n=1,987), of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Moreover, we evaluated whether the associations differ depending on the presence of LBP symptoms at baseline of the two-year follow-up period. LBP was common among cohort adolescents as, on average, every second adolescent reported LBP, girls reporting more symptoms. As a whole, more associations were found among girls than boys. Overweight was associated with new LBP in the follow-up, but the association was not strong. Prolonged habitual smoking was associated with LBP, particularly with symptoms at baseline and follow-up. High exposure to awkward trunk postures and an overall physically demanding job were especially associated with new LBP in the follow-up. Family’s socioeconomic status was not consistently associated with LBP. At 16 years, four latent class clusters of psychosocial and lifestyle factors were found in both genders. Clusters characterized by behavioural problems were associated with LBP among both genders. Especially girls with the combination of emotional and behavioural problems were at the greatest risk of seeking care for new LBP. The results of this study indicate that LBP in adolescence is associated with both psychosocial and lifestyle ...
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