State-of-the-art report on low-level radioactive waste treatment

• Main Authors: Kibbey, A. H., Godbee, H. W.
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1980
• Subjects: Building Materials; Urea; Aldehydes; Other Organic Compounds; Processing; Organic Compounds; Slagging Pyrolysis Process; Bitumens; Sedimentation; Chemical Reactions; Formaldehyde; Waste Processing; Precipitation; Radioactive Wastes; Diffusion; Polymers; Separation Processes; Materials; Demineralization; North America; Ultrafiltration; 12 Management Of Radioactive And Non-Radioactive Wastes From Nuclear Facilities; Radioactive Waste Management; Ion Exchange; Biodegradation; Tar; Fluidized-Bed Combustors; Incinerators; Radioactive Materials; Flocculation; Evaporation; Osmosis; Centrifugation; Salts; Low-Level Radioactive Wastes; Usa; Management; Cements; Filtration; Carbonic Acid Derivatives; Solidification; Radioactive Waste Processing; Waste Management; Amides; Organic Nitrogen Compounds; Wastes 052001* > Nuclear Fuels > Waste Processing; Molten Salts; Decomposition; Asphalts; Combustors; Phase Transformations; Carbonic acid
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.2172/5045732; https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1059455/

An attempt is made to identify the main sources of low-level radioactive wastes that are generated in the United States. To place the waste problem in perspective, rough estimates are given of the annual amounts of each generic type of waste that is generated. Most of the wet solid wastes arise from the cleanup of gaseous and liquid radioactive streams prior to discharge or recycle. The treatment of the process streams and the secondary wet solid wastes thus generated is described for each type of government or fuel cycle installation. Similarly, the institutional wet wastes are also described. The dry wastes from all sources have smilar physical and chemical characteristics in that they can be classified as compactible, noncompactible, combustible, noncombustible, or combinations thereof. The various treatment options for concentrated or solid wet wastes and for dry wastes are discussed. Among the dry-waste treatment methods are compaction, baling, and incineration, as well as chopping, cutting, and shredding. Organic materials can usually be incinerated or, in some cases, biodegraded. The filter sludges, spent resins, incinerator ashes, and concentrated liquids are usually solidified in cement, urea-formaldehyde, or unsaturated polyester resins prior to burial. Asphalt has not yet been used as a solidificaton agent in the United States, but it probably will be used in the near future. The treatment of radioactive medical and bioresearch wastes is described, but the waste from radiochenmical, pharmaceutical, and other industries is not well defined at the present time. Recovery of waste metals and treatment of hazardous contaminated wastes are discussed briefly. Some areas appearing to need more research, development, and demonstration are specifically pointed out.