| Summary: | Multi-proxy data from an Italian stalagmite constrain the commencement of full Last Interglacial conditions in southern Europe at 129 ± 1 ka, consistent with absolutely dated records currently available from both hemispheres. The post-glacial transition towards warmer and wetter conditions commenced at 134 ± 2 ka. Oxygen isotope evidence suggests this was interrupted briefly at 130 ± 2 ka, an event probably related to the 'Termination II pause' associated with Heinrich Event 11. For most of the stalagmite, the pattern of δ¹⁸O variation mimics the air temperature record from the Vostok ice core, especially through marine isotope stage 5. There is no obvious evidence for substantial 'early interglacial' warming.
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