| Summary: | ©The Author(s) 2017. The development of golden tides is potentially influenced by global change factors, such as ocean acidification and eutrophication, but related studies are very scarce. In this study, we cultured a golden tide alga, Sargasssum muticum , at two levels of p CO2 (400 and 1000ĝ€μatm) and phosphate (0.5 and 40ĝ€μM) to investigate the interactive effects of elevated p CO2 and phosphate on the physiological properties of the thalli. Higher p CO2 and phosphate (P) levels alone increased the relative growth rate by 41 and 48ĝ€%, the net photosynthetic rate by 46 and 55ĝ€%, and the soluble carbohydrates by 33 and 62ĝ€%, respectively, while the combination of these two levels did not promote growth or soluble carbohydrates further. The higher levels of p CO2 and P alone also enhanced the nitrate uptake rate by 68 and 36ĝ€%, the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) by 89 and 39ĝ€%, and the soluble protein by 19 and 15ĝ€%, respectively. The nitrate uptake rate and soluble protein was further enhanced, although the nitrate reductase activity was reduced when the higher levels of p CO2 and P worked together. The higher p CO2 and higher P levels alone did not affect the dark respiration rate of the thalli, but together they increased it by 32ĝ€% compared to the condition of lower p CO2 and lower P. The neutral effect of the higher levels of p CO2 and higher P on growth and soluble carbohydrates, combined with the promoting effect on soluble protein and dark respiration, suggests that more energy was drawn from carbon assimilation to nitrogen assimilation under conditions of higher p CO2 and higher P; this is most likely to act against the higher p CO2 that caused acid-base perturbation via synthesizing H+ transport-related protein. Our results indicate that ocean acidification and eutrophication may not boost golden tide events synergistically, although each one has a promoting effect.
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