Monitoring morphologic surface changes from aerial and satellite imagery, on Earth and Mars

• Main Author: Ayoub, Francois
• Other Authors: Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Alexis Rigo, Jean-Philippe Avouac
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: Remote sensing; Aerial imagery; Surface deformation; earthquake; HiRISE; Mars; Dunes; Sand flux; Télédétection; Imagerie aérienne; Déformation; Séisme; Flux; [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology; Krafla; glacier; Iceland
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-01101043; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01101043/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01101043/file/theseFAyoub.pdf

The analysis of satellites imagery acquired at different dates allows the measurement of Earth surface displacement (earthquake ground deformation, glacier advance and retreat, sand dunes migration, slow-moving landslide,…) that occured between the images acquisitions. In this thesis we investigate 1) the extension of the processing techniques established for satellite imagery to aerial imagery, and 2) the applicability of Earth-based technique to monitor eolian surface processes on Mars.Aerial imagery, whose first acquisition dates back decades before the satellite era, and whose ground resolution is higher than satellite one, can be relevant to monitor Earth surface displacement. We present a methodological extension of the satellite technique to aerial imagery. Potential and limitations are investigated. Application to the Krafla rift opening in Iceland (1975-1984), using aerial imagery, declassied spy imagery, and modern satellite imagery is presented.Next, we applied the method to Mars imagery taking advantage of the high resolution HiRISE instrument. A pair of HiRISE images is processed to monitor the activitys of a dune field. We measured sand ripple migration and inferred a sand flux comparable to some the Earth dune fields sand flux. We then expand our processing to a time-series of 10 HiRISE images, and characterized the seasonal variability of the sand flux throughout the year. This seasonal sand flux variability is used jointly with a sand flux prediction from atmospheric simulations to constrain the sand mobility threshold. Les progrés en télédétection permettent désormais une mesure dense et précise des déplacements de la surface terrestre à partir de l'analyse fine d'images satellitaires acquises à différentes dates. Ces méthodes permettent de détecter et de quantifier par exemple la déformation co-sismique du sol, l'avancée ou le recul de glacier, la migration de dunes, ou les glissements de terrain, survenus entre les dates d'acquisition des images. Au cours de cette thèse nous étudions 1) ...