Demography, senescence and global changes in two extremely long-lived species

• Main Author: Pardo, Deborah
• Other Authors: Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Christophe Barbraud([e-mail])
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2012
• Subjects: Albatross; biodiversity; global warming; survival; breeding success; breeding probability; fisheries; southern french territories; population dynamics; Albatros; biodiversité; rechauffement climatique; survie; succes reproducteur; probabilité de reproduction; pêcheries; terres australes et antarctiques francaises; dynamique de population; [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment; Antarc*; Antarctique*; Diomedea exulans
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-00750625; https://theses.hal.science/tel-00750625/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-00750625/file/ThA_se_de_Doctorat_Deborah_Pardo_good.pdf

This thesis investigates the effects of age-related in particular associated with senescence in two extremely long-lived species: the black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) and the wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans). Initially we seek to determine the variations of different life-history traits, demographic and morphological age. A multi-trait and multi-state approach allows us to model changes in traits with age, taking into account the effects of sex or reproductive status of the previous year in capture-recapture models. In a second step, we relate these patterns to age- dependent changes in the environment in terms of climatic fluctuations, oceanographic and anthropogenic activities (industrial fishing), to determine whether based on their age individuals are influenced differentially. Finally the differential variations identified in demographic traits due to environmental fluctuations according to age are incorporated into population matrix models to determine if and how extreme events can alter the dynamics and structure of populations. This work based on data collected from longitudinal and transversal for 50 years in the French Southern Territories brings new elements on the evolutionary ecology of senescence in the wild and how age can affect the population response to global changes in these highly endangered species. Cette thèse étudie les effets liés à l'âge et plus particulièrement liés à la sénescence chez deux espèces extrêmement longévives: l'albatros à sourcils noirs (Thalassarche melanophrys) et le grand albatros (Diomedea exulans). Dans un premier temps nous cherchons à déterminer quelles sont les variations de différents traits d'histoire de vie, démographiques et morphologiques en fonction de l'âge. Une approche multi-traits et multi-états nous permet de modéliser les variations des traits avec l'âge en prenant en compte les effets liés au sexe ou au statut reproducteur de l'année précédente dans des modèles de capture-recapture. Dans un second temps, nous relions ces ...