Effect of ocean acidification on microbial diversity and on microbe-driven biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning

International audience The ocean absorbs about 25% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which alters its chemistry. Among the changes of the carbonate system are an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) and a decline of pH; hence, the whole process is often referred to as `ocean acidification&...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Aquatic Microbial Ecology
Main Authors: Liu, Jinwen, Weinbauer, Markus, Maier, Cornelia, Dai, Minhan, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre
Other Authors: Beijing Genomics Institute Shenzhen (BGI), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: HAL CCSD 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hal.science/hal-03502078
https://hal.science/hal-03502078/document
https://hal.science/hal-03502078/file/a061p291.pdf
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01446
Description
Summary:International audience The ocean absorbs about 25% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which alters its chemistry. Among the changes of the carbonate system are an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) and a decline of pH; hence, the whole process is often referred to as `ocean acidification'. Many microbial processes can be affected either directly or indirectly via a cascade of effects through the response of non-microbial groups and/or through changes in seawater chemistry. We briefly review the current understanding of the impact of ocean acidification on microbial diversity and processes, and highlight the gaps that need to be addressed in future research. The focus is on Bacteria, Archaea, viruses and protistan grazers but also includes total primary production of phytoplankton as well as species composition of eukaryotic phytoplankton. Some species and communities exhibit increased primary production at elevated pCO(2). In contrast to their heterocystous counterparts, nitrogen fixation by non-heterocystous cyanobacteria is stimulated by elevated pCO(2). The experimental data on the response of prokaryotic production to ocean acidification are not consistent. Very few other microbial processes have been investigated at environmentally relevant pH levels. The potential for microbes to adapt to ocean acidification, at either the species level by genetic change or at the community level through the replacement of sensitive species or groups by non-or less sensitive ones, is completely unknown. Consequently, the impact of ocean acidification on keystone species and microbial diversity needs to be elucidated. Most experiments used a short-term perturbation approach by using cultured organisms; few were conducted in mesocosms and none in situ. There is likely a lot to be learned from observations in areas naturally enriched with CO2, such as vents, upwelling and near-shore areas.