Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17 th to 20 th century)

• Main Authors: Macé, Matthias, Richeval, Camille, Gérard, Patrice, Duchesne, Sylvie, Cannet, Catherine, Boyarskikh, Irina, Gérault, Annie, Zvénigorosky, Vincent, Nikolaeva, Darya, Stépanoff, Charles, Allorge, Delphine, Debrenne, Michele, Ludes, Bertrand, Alexeev, Anatoly, Gaulier, Jean-Michel, Crubezy, E.
• Other Authors: Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toxicologie et Génopathies CHRU Lille, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique CHU Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille (CHRU Lille), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut de Médecine Légale Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences; [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology; [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory; [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies; [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History; [SHS.RELIG]Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions; Yakutia; Siberia
• Online Access: https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-03117679; https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-03117679/document; https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-03117679/file/tabac%202021%20text.pdf

ObjectiveTo investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations.DesignRetrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region.SettingEastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century).Participants47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from YakutiaInterventionLevels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated.Main outcome measureWe combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived.ResultsHair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic ...