Do North Atlantic eels show parallel patterns of spatially varying selection?

• Published in: BMC Evolutionary Biology
• Main Authors: Ulrik, Malene, Martín Pujolar, José, Ferchaud, Anne-Laure, Jacobsen, Magnus, Als, Thomas, Gagnaire, Pierre-Alexandre, Frydenberg, Jane, Bøcher, Peder, Jónsson, Bjarni, Bernatchez, Louis, Hansen, Michael
• Other Authors: Aarhus University Aarhus, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biopol, Marine Biology and Biotechnology Center, Skagastrond, Iceland, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes Québec (IBIS)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; European eel; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02395323; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02395323/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02395323/file/Ulrik,%20BMC%20Evol%20Biol,%202014.%20Do%20North%20Atlantic%20eels%20show%20parallel%20patterns%20of%20spatially%20varying%20selection.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-138

International audience Background: The two North Atlantic eel species, the European and the American eel, represent an ideal system in which to study parallel selection patterns due to their sister species status and the presence of ongoing gene flow. A panel of 80 coding-gene SNPs previously analyzed in American eel was used to genotype European eel individuals (glass eels) from 8 sampling locations across the species distribution. We tested for single-generation signatures of spatially varying selection in European eel by searching for elevated genetic differentiation using F ST-based outlier tests and by testing for significant associations between allele frequencies and environmental variables. Results: We found signatures of possible selection at a total of 11 coding-gene SNPs. Candidate genes for local selection constituted mainly genes with a major role in metabolism as well as defense genes. Contrary to what has been found for American eel, only 2 SNPs in our study correlated with differences in temperature, which suggests that other explanatory variables may play a role. None of the genes found to be associated with explanatory variables in European eel showed any correlations with environmental factors in the previous study in American eel. Conclusions: The different signatures of selection between species could be due to distinct selective pressures associated with the much longer larval migration for European eel relative to American eel. The lack of parallel selection in North Atlantic eels could also be due to most phenotypic traits being polygenic, thus reducing the likelihood of selection acting on the same genes in both species.