Suspended particle dynamics and fluxes in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard)

• Published in: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
• Main Authors: Meslard, Florian, Bourrin, François, Many, Gael, Kerhervé, Philippe
• Other Authors: Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: sediment fluxes; sediment particles; Kongsfjorden; Artic fjord; [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces; environment; Arctic; Kongsvegen; Kronebreen; Svalbard; Climate change; glacier; Kongsfjord*
• Online Access: https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01764323; https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01764323/document; https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01764323/file/Meslard2018.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.02.020

International audience An experiment was carried out during summer 2015 in the inner part of the Kongsfjorden to study the inputs of meltwater and behaviour of associated suspended particles. We used a wide range of oceanographic instruments to assess the hydrological and hydrodynamic characteristics of coastal waters. The transfer of suspended particles occurs from a large surface plume fed by two main sources: the most important one is the upwelling of fresh and turbid water coming from a tide-water glacier: the Kronebreen, and the second one from a continental glacier: the Kongsvegen. We estimated that these two sources discharged about 2.48 ± 0.37 × 10⁶ t of suspended sediments during the two months of melting. The major part of these sediments is deposited within the first kilometre due to flocculation phenomena. Flocculation is initiated below the surface turbid plume and is mainly caused by the salinity gradient and high suspended particle concentration. Finally, our estimates of suspended particle fluxes by a typical Arctic coastal glacier showed the need to consider suspended sediment fluxes from high-latitude areas into global budgets in the context of climate change.