Genetically based resistance to summer mortality in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and its relationship with physiological, immunological characteristics and infection processes

• Published in: Aquaculture
• Main Authors: Samain, Jean-François, Degremont, Lionel, Soletchnik, Patrick, Haure, Joel, Bédier, Edouard, Ropert, Michel, Moal, Jeanne, Huvet, Arnaud, Bacca, Hélène, van Wormhoudt, Alain, Delaporte, Maryse, Costil, K., Pouvreau, Stéphane, Lambert, Christophe, Boulo, Viviane, Soudant, Philippe, Nicolas, Jean-Louis, Le Roux, Frédérique, Renault, Tristan, Gaganaire, Béatrice, Geret, H., Boutet, Isabelle, Burgeot, Thierry, Boudry, Pierre
• Other Authors: Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins (PE2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), Amélioration génétique, du contrôle des performances et de la santé des mollusques marins (AGSAE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génome, populations, interactions, adaptation (GPIA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX), Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE), Station biologique de Roscoff Roscoff (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Régions of Basse-Normandie, Bretagne, Pays de la Loire, Poitou-Charentes; Conseil Général du Calvados; National Morest project funded by Ifremer;
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2007
• Subjects: Summer mortality; Pacific Oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Resistant oyster; Genetic selection; Reproduction; Hemocytes; Stress; Temperature; ROS; [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology; Pacific; Pacific oyster
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00473457; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00473457/document; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00473457/file/Samain_et_al_2007_Aquaculture_268_227-243_-auteurs.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.044

International audience Summer mortality of Pacific oysters is known in several countries. However no specific pathogen has been systematically associated with this phenomenon. A complex combination of environmental and biological parameters has been suggested as the cause and is now starting to be identified. A high genetic basis was found for survival in oysters when a first generation (G1) was tested in three sites during summer. This paper presents a synthesis on physiological characteristics of two selected groups (‘R' and ‘S', from families selected for resistance and susceptibility to summer mortality respectively), of the second and third generations. R and S showed improvement or reduction of survival compared with the control in both field and laboratory trials confirming the high heritability of survival of juveniles <1 year old. Interestingly, no correlation was observed between growth and survival. Comparison between the two selected groups showed that S oysters invested more energy in reproduction and stayed a longer time without spawning than R oysters which had high synchronous spawning. This was mainly shown with high rather than low dietary rations (respectively 12% and 4% DW algae/DW oyster) in a controlled experiment. Moreover, early partial spawning was detected in S oysters and not R ones in the high dietary ration. S showed a higher respiration rate and an earlier decrease in absorption efficiency than R during gametogenesis, but they were not significantly different in glycogen or ATP utilisation. Two months before a mortality episode, hemocytes from S oysters had a higher adhesive capacity than R hemocytes and significantly higher reactive oxygen species production capacity. One month before mortality, S oysters had the highest hyalinocyte concentration and their expression of genes coding for glucose metabolism enzymes (Hexokinase, GS, PGM, PEPCK) was significantly lower in the labial palps. After a thermal increase from 13 °C to 19 °C, during 8 days in normoxia, S oysters showed a ...